Data on e waste.
This facts are very important and can be quoted in GS3 answers related to waste management
This facts are very important and can be quoted in GS3 answers related to waste management
❤4
India and European Free trade association (EFTA) signed FTA which willl commence from 1st oct.
EFTA is group of 4 European nations consisting of Norway, Leichstentien, switzerland and Iceland.
The condition is EFTA block should invest 100billion $ in India within `15 years .
This article is important for IR, Multilateral Relations, Economy, Free trade agreement, diversification of exports.
GS 2
#upsc
EFTA is group of 4 European nations consisting of Norway, Leichstentien, switzerland and Iceland.
The condition is EFTA block should invest 100billion $ in India within `15 years .
This article is important for IR, Multilateral Relations, Economy, Free trade agreement, diversification of exports.
GS 2
#upsc
❤8
✈️ Aviation Safety in India: Key Points from the Article
📌 Context:
The Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) released a preliminary report on the Air India Express crash in Ahmedabad (June 2025).
Report: Inconclusive with uncertainties on whether pilot action was error or deliberate.
Highlights lack of trust in aviation investigations in India.
---
📊 Structural Flaws in Aviation Oversight:
Multi-layered responsibility in aviation:
🛫 Aircraft Design, Airworthiness & Maintenance.
👩✈️ Airport Infrastructure & Air Traffic Control.
🏢 Ground Services.
Key authorities:
Airports Authority of India (AAI).
Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA).
Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA).
Airlines and Private Operators.
---
⚖️ The Fight for Safety through Courts:
Public Interest Litigations (PILs) have exposed:
Illegal construction around airports (e.g., Mumbai buildings violating height norms 🏢).
Encroachment on approach paths (e.g., Surat airport).
Lack of enforcement of safety norms.
Supreme Court intervention led to demolition drives and regulatory actions.
---
🚨 Regulatory Loopholes and Challenges:
Pre-2008: Strictly regulated under Aircraft Act & statutory orders.
Post-2008: Liberalization led to privatization loopholes:
Circumvention of safety laws.
Dilution of DGCA’s authority by creation of non-statutory committees.
Issues include:
❌ Bypassing height restrictions (e.g., IHS violations).
❌ Maintenance standard dilution.
❌ Unqualified AMEs performing critical maintenance.
❌ No proper fatigue management for crew.
❌ Pressure on pilots due to duty limitations & poor work conditions.
---
🚦 ATC and Airspace Management Issues:
ATCOs under pressure with limited hiring and growing demands.
High court orders to increase manpower have not been implemented.
Airspace mismanagement and lack of modern radar systems affecting safe operations.
---
🚨 Recent Safety Incidents:
Engine failures (e.g., Pratt & Whitney crisis on IndiGo ✈️).
Mid-air fuel exhaustion incidents.
Aircraft maintenance lapses with unqualified staff.
Aircraft overruns due to infrastructure gaps.
---
👨⚖️ Role of Judiciary:
Judiciary has acted as a watchdog by:
Holding authorities accountable.
Addressing corruption and mismanagement.
Ensuring compliance with international norms (FAA, EASA).
Still, judiciary’s role is limited and safety culture remains weak.
---
🟢 Way Forward:
⚠️ Need for a 'culture of safety' at every level of the aviation system.
✍️ Urgent requirement to:
Reform DGCA and oversight bodies.
Enforce international best practices.
Ensure accountability at every level.
Empower whistleblowers in aviation.
🚨 “Reform cannot wait. Lives are at stake.”
📌 Context:
The Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) released a preliminary report on the Air India Express crash in Ahmedabad (June 2025).
Report: Inconclusive with uncertainties on whether pilot action was error or deliberate.
Highlights lack of trust in aviation investigations in India.
---
📊 Structural Flaws in Aviation Oversight:
Multi-layered responsibility in aviation:
🛫 Aircraft Design, Airworthiness & Maintenance.
👩✈️ Airport Infrastructure & Air Traffic Control.
🏢 Ground Services.
Key authorities:
Airports Authority of India (AAI).
Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA).
Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA).
Airlines and Private Operators.
---
⚖️ The Fight for Safety through Courts:
Public Interest Litigations (PILs) have exposed:
Illegal construction around airports (e.g., Mumbai buildings violating height norms 🏢).
Encroachment on approach paths (e.g., Surat airport).
Lack of enforcement of safety norms.
Supreme Court intervention led to demolition drives and regulatory actions.
---
🚨 Regulatory Loopholes and Challenges:
Pre-2008: Strictly regulated under Aircraft Act & statutory orders.
Post-2008: Liberalization led to privatization loopholes:
Circumvention of safety laws.
Dilution of DGCA’s authority by creation of non-statutory committees.
Issues include:
❌ Bypassing height restrictions (e.g., IHS violations).
❌ Maintenance standard dilution.
❌ Unqualified AMEs performing critical maintenance.
❌ No proper fatigue management for crew.
❌ Pressure on pilots due to duty limitations & poor work conditions.
---
🚦 ATC and Airspace Management Issues:
ATCOs under pressure with limited hiring and growing demands.
High court orders to increase manpower have not been implemented.
Airspace mismanagement and lack of modern radar systems affecting safe operations.
---
🚨 Recent Safety Incidents:
Engine failures (e.g., Pratt & Whitney crisis on IndiGo ✈️).
Mid-air fuel exhaustion incidents.
Aircraft maintenance lapses with unqualified staff.
Aircraft overruns due to infrastructure gaps.
---
👨⚖️ Role of Judiciary:
Judiciary has acted as a watchdog by:
Holding authorities accountable.
Addressing corruption and mismanagement.
Ensuring compliance with international norms (FAA, EASA).
Still, judiciary’s role is limited and safety culture remains weak.
---
🟢 Way Forward:
⚠️ Need for a 'culture of safety' at every level of the aviation system.
✍️ Urgent requirement to:
Reform DGCA and oversight bodies.
Enforce international best practices.
Ensure accountability at every level.
Empower whistleblowers in aviation.
🚨 “Reform cannot wait. Lives are at stake.”
❤8
📚 Your Smart UPSC Companion
Prep with AI-powered insights, and smart study tools. 🚀
✅ 10K+ FREE Questions with detailed Explanations
✅ Unlimited AI-Answers, No pre-loaded contents limit
✅ Personalized performance tracking
✅ Custom on-demand Mind Maps, Timelines & Flashcards
✅ Instant access to 30+ NCERT Books
✅ Daily Newspapers Summaries
✅ Learn while having fun with Crosswords, Challenges & Tournaments
Download Saval AI app: https://saval.ai/link?s=telegram&m=kun1&c=2&t=playstore
Prep with AI-powered insights, and smart study tools. 🚀
✅ 10K+ FREE Questions with detailed Explanations
✅ Unlimited AI-Answers, No pre-loaded contents limit
✅ Personalized performance tracking
✅ Custom on-demand Mind Maps, Timelines & Flashcards
✅ Instant access to 30+ NCERT Books
✅ Daily Newspapers Summaries
✅ Learn while having fun with Crosswords, Challenges & Tournaments
Download Saval AI app: https://saval.ai/link?s=telegram&m=kun1&c=2&t=playstore
❤6
What UPSC Teaches Aspirants
The UPSC journey is not limited to just one year. For many aspirants, it takes around 3-4 years, and for some, it can even extend to 8-10 years.
This journey is not merely about securing a well-paid job or gaining societal status. It is a transformative experience that helps aspirants deeply understand India — its society, geography, history, polity, economy, and environment. More importantly, it shapes their thought process and broadens their perspective towards the nation and the world.
1️⃣ Patience
UPSC teaches aspirants the importance of patience. Despite academic success, aspirants face setbacks in different stages (Prelims, Mains, Interview). Failure after multiple attempts builds resilience. Over time, this journey shapes patience as a core strength.
2️⃣ Values
Through its syllabus, UPSC instills essential values like sympathy, honesty, and hard work. It draws lessons from inspiring leaders like Buddha, Gandhi, Ambedkar, and others, emphasizing:
Middle Path (avoiding extremes),
Non-violence,
Equality,
Respect for all.
Though these values help in scoring marks, they gradually become a part of your personality and way of life.
3️⃣ Positive Hope
UPSC nurtures a sense of hope. Like the saying, “Once a tiger tastes human flesh, it becomes a man-eater,” aspirants, once they clear Prelims, rarely give up.
With every attempt, aspirants believe they will succeed, which develops a positive, optimistic approach not only for exams but for life’s other challenges too.
4️⃣ Never Give Up Attitude
This journey creates an attitude of persistence. Even after multiple failures, aspirants continue preparing, refusing to give up easily.
Eventually, they either succeed in UPSC or find alternative career paths (teaching, SSC, state PCS, etc.)—but the ‘never give up’ mindset remains with them forever.
5️⃣ Critical Thinking
UPSC builds sharp thinking skills. Aspirants do not accept information blindly. They analyze, verify facts, and respond logically rather than reacting emotionally. This habit remains useful in personal and professional life.
6️⃣ Smile and Calmness
In the final personality test, aspirants learn the importance of calmness, composure, and a gentle smile—qualities that leave a lasting impression.
Whether selected or not, this confidence and calm demeanor becomes part of their personality.
🎁 Final Thought
The UPSC journey is not just about clearing an exam—it's a journey of personal transformation. If approached with sincerity, it transforms your mindset, values, and outlook on life forever.
- Kunal R Virulkar 😊
The UPSC journey is not limited to just one year. For many aspirants, it takes around 3-4 years, and for some, it can even extend to 8-10 years.
This journey is not merely about securing a well-paid job or gaining societal status. It is a transformative experience that helps aspirants deeply understand India — its society, geography, history, polity, economy, and environment. More importantly, it shapes their thought process and broadens their perspective towards the nation and the world.
1️⃣ Patience
UPSC teaches aspirants the importance of patience. Despite academic success, aspirants face setbacks in different stages (Prelims, Mains, Interview). Failure after multiple attempts builds resilience. Over time, this journey shapes patience as a core strength.
2️⃣ Values
Through its syllabus, UPSC instills essential values like sympathy, honesty, and hard work. It draws lessons from inspiring leaders like Buddha, Gandhi, Ambedkar, and others, emphasizing:
Middle Path (avoiding extremes),
Non-violence,
Equality,
Respect for all.
Though these values help in scoring marks, they gradually become a part of your personality and way of life.
3️⃣ Positive Hope
UPSC nurtures a sense of hope. Like the saying, “Once a tiger tastes human flesh, it becomes a man-eater,” aspirants, once they clear Prelims, rarely give up.
With every attempt, aspirants believe they will succeed, which develops a positive, optimistic approach not only for exams but for life’s other challenges too.
4️⃣ Never Give Up Attitude
This journey creates an attitude of persistence. Even after multiple failures, aspirants continue preparing, refusing to give up easily.
Eventually, they either succeed in UPSC or find alternative career paths (teaching, SSC, state PCS, etc.)—but the ‘never give up’ mindset remains with them forever.
5️⃣ Critical Thinking
UPSC builds sharp thinking skills. Aspirants do not accept information blindly. They analyze, verify facts, and respond logically rather than reacting emotionally. This habit remains useful in personal and professional life.
6️⃣ Smile and Calmness
In the final personality test, aspirants learn the importance of calmness, composure, and a gentle smile—qualities that leave a lasting impression.
Whether selected or not, this confidence and calm demeanor becomes part of their personality.
🎁 Final Thought
The UPSC journey is not just about clearing an exam—it's a journey of personal transformation. If approached with sincerity, it transforms your mindset, values, and outlook on life forever.
- Kunal R Virulkar 😊
❤48👍1
👤 About Me
UPSC CSE Journey
🟢 1st Attempt (2023): Reached Interview Stage
🟢 2nd Attempt (2024): Secured AIR 225
🟢 GS Scores
📘UPSC Mains 2023: 433
📘UPSC Mains 2024: 439
🏦 RBI Grade B 2024: Reached Interview Stage
🏛 TSPSC Group 1: Secured Rank 204
https://www.tg-me.com/annukousiknarasimha
UPSC CSE Journey
🟢 1st Attempt (2023): Reached Interview Stage
🟢 2nd Attempt (2024): Secured AIR 225
🟢 GS Scores
📘UPSC Mains 2023: 433
📘UPSC Mains 2024: 439
🏦 RBI Grade B 2024: Reached Interview Stage
🏛 TSPSC Group 1: Secured Rank 204
https://www.tg-me.com/annukousiknarasimha
Telegram
ANNU KOUSIK NARASIMHA (AIR 225 UPSC CSE 24)
👤 About Me
UPSC CSE Journey
🟢 1st Attempt (2023): Reached Interview Stage
🟢 2nd Attempt (2024): Secured AIR 225
🟢 GS Scores
📘UPSC Mains 2023: 433
📘UPSC Mains 2024: 439
🏦 RBI Grade B 2024: Reached Interview Stage
🏛 TSPSC Group 1: Secured Rank 204
UPSC CSE Journey
🟢 1st Attempt (2023): Reached Interview Stage
🟢 2nd Attempt (2024): Secured AIR 225
🟢 GS Scores
📘UPSC Mains 2023: 433
📘UPSC Mains 2024: 439
🏦 RBI Grade B 2024: Reached Interview Stage
🏛 TSPSC Group 1: Secured Rank 204
❤2🤔1
Comprehensive article on elderly work force which is beneficial for our country in knowledge, wisdom and experience sharing.
However, there is need of policy on elderly rights and their economic participation, healthcare and social security.
.. important for GS 1
Society
Sociology paper 2
@upscwithkunal
However, there is need of policy on elderly rights and their economic participation, healthcare and social security.
.. important for GS 1
Society
Sociology paper 2
@upscwithkunal
❤5
Less than a month remains for this year’s UPSC CSE Mains Examination.
It’s natural for aspirants to feel stress and anxiety at this stage, but now is the time to stay calm and focused.
Instead of worrying, utilize this crucial period to revise Ethics, GS papers, and your Optional subject thoroughly. Revision, not experimentation, should be the priority now.
📌 Strengthen your factual base on key areas such as:
Trade & Economy
MSMEs and Employment
Agriculture
Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR)
Foreign Exchange & GDP trends
Supreme Court Judgments
Self-Help Groups (SHGs)
Healthcare system
School Education (like Pratham’s ASER reports)
⏱️ Practice answer writing with time discipline:
Aim to complete 10-marker GS questions in 7 minutes
15-markers in 11 minutes
Clarity, structure, and substantiated arguments with relevant facts can significantly boost your scores.
🔁 Revise smart, practice consistently, and stay confident.
All the best to every aspirant. You've come this far — stay steady and finish strong. 💪📚✍️
@upscwithkunal
It’s natural for aspirants to feel stress and anxiety at this stage, but now is the time to stay calm and focused.
Instead of worrying, utilize this crucial period to revise Ethics, GS papers, and your Optional subject thoroughly. Revision, not experimentation, should be the priority now.
📌 Strengthen your factual base on key areas such as:
Trade & Economy
MSMEs and Employment
Agriculture
Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR)
Foreign Exchange & GDP trends
Supreme Court Judgments
Self-Help Groups (SHGs)
Healthcare system
School Education (like Pratham’s ASER reports)
⏱️ Practice answer writing with time discipline:
Aim to complete 10-marker GS questions in 7 minutes
15-markers in 11 minutes
Clarity, structure, and substantiated arguments with relevant facts can significantly boost your scores.
🔁 Revise smart, practice consistently, and stay confident.
All the best to every aspirant. You've come this far — stay steady and finish strong. 💪📚✍️
@upscwithkunal
❤18👏2
A very detailed and comprehensive article written on Renewable energy.
Though, globally Renewable energy generation was 582 GW in 2024, and total capacity is 4442GW, but it is still holding only 30% electricity consumption globally.
2nd, Only 22% of electricity is counted as energy consumption. Which means Renewable Energy only caters 6% of total energy consumption.
Other concern is that despite air and solar radiation is available at everywhere, but to harness it convert it to electricity is available with China. China is the leader in Solar PV generation and exports.
China is dominating in renewable energy like OPEC dominates Petrol.
Hence, supply chain management issue may arise in future...
Very comprehensive and detailed analysis on renewable energy.
Important for GS 3
Environment, infrastructure.
#UPSC
@upscwithkunal
Though, globally Renewable energy generation was 582 GW in 2024, and total capacity is 4442GW, but it is still holding only 30% electricity consumption globally.
2nd, Only 22% of electricity is counted as energy consumption. Which means Renewable Energy only caters 6% of total energy consumption.
Other concern is that despite air and solar radiation is available at everywhere, but to harness it convert it to electricity is available with China. China is the leader in Solar PV generation and exports.
China is dominating in renewable energy like OPEC dominates Petrol.
Hence, supply chain management issue may arise in future...
Very comprehensive and detailed analysis on renewable energy.
Important for GS 3
Environment, infrastructure.
#UPSC
@upscwithkunal
❤4
📚 Your Smart UPSC Companion
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✅ 10K+ FREE Questions with detailed Explanations
✅ Unlimited AI-Answers, No pre-loaded contents limit
✅ Personalized performance tracking
✅ Custom on-demand Mind Maps, Timelines & Flashcards
✅ Instant access to 30+ NCERT Books
✅ Daily Newspapers Summaries
✅ Learn while having fun with Crosswords, Challenges & Tournaments
Download Saval AI app: https://saval.ai/link?s=telegram&m=kun1&c=2&t=playstore
Prep with AI-powered insights, and smart study tools. 🚀
✅ 10K+ FREE Questions with detailed Explanations
✅ Unlimited AI-Answers, No pre-loaded contents limit
✅ Personalized performance tracking
✅ Custom on-demand Mind Maps, Timelines & Flashcards
✅ Instant access to 30+ NCERT Books
✅ Daily Newspapers Summaries
✅ Learn while having fun with Crosswords, Challenges & Tournaments
Download Saval AI app: https://saval.ai/link?s=telegram&m=kun1&c=2&t=playstore
🔥1