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تطبيق رااائع يفيدك في كل ما يتعلق بالتحضيرات الكيميائية السائلة والصلبة والغازية وطرق التخفيف ومعرفة درجة الحرارة ونوع الوسط وووو الخ .... اكتشفها بنفسك ،
↔التطبيق👇
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☞ @Biochem_Lab ☜
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ABG Pro 👌
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ABG Pro
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كما عهدناكم وتكرماً منكم ،
نحتاج دعم الصفحة عالفيسبوك بليكات وكومنتات ، ودعوة الاصدقاء للمتابعة .
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https://m.facebook.com/LabMed2016

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💠Calcium Studies

●Serum Ca2+
✧Causes of ↑
>10.2 mg/dL

↑ Vit. D or Ca2+ intake. ↑ PTH. ↑ Bone breakdown. Hereditary disorders: e.g., Familial hypocalciuria. Metabolic: e.g., ↑↑ Thyroid, acromegaly, Addison's. Drugs: e.g., Thiazides, Li+

✧Causes of ↓
<8.5 mg/dL

Vit. D/Ca2+ ↓ intake / ↓ absorption. ↓ PTH or ↑ calcitonin Ca2+ sequestration: e.g., Saponification. ↓ Albumin e.g., Liver disease. ↓ Mg2+ or ↑ phosphorus (binds Ca2+) Osteoblastic malignancy. Drugs: e.g., Aminoglycosides .

◎●━ @Biochem_Lab ━●◎•

●Ionized Ca2+

✧Causes of ↑
⇨>5.3 mg/dL
Measures physiologically

✧Causes of ↓
⇨<4.4 mg/dL
↓ with ↑ blood pH / ↑ protein

◎●━ @Biochem_Lab ━●◎•
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⇨pH 7.4
active nonbound Ca2+, ↑ with ↓ blood pH or ↓ protein or ↓ albumin

⇨pH 7.4
↑ albumin: e.g., Multiple myeloma, dehydration

https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-AAAAAECuqoTkgQkHpiHlGA

●Urine Ca2+ (UCa)
✧Causes of ↑
→>300 mg/24hr
↑ serum Ca2+, also specific renal disease: e.g., Idiopathic hypercalciuria, RTA

✧Causes of ↓
→<100 mg/24hr
↓ serum Ca2+, also specific renal disease and drugs: 
e.g., thiazides

https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-AAAAAECuqoTkgQkHpiHlGA

●Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
✧Causes of ↑
>55 pg/mL
Primary / secondary ↑ Pparathyroid ↓ Vit. D

✧Causes of ↓
<10 pg/mL
↓ Pparathyroid, ↑ thyroid, ↓ Mg, ↑ nonparathyroid Ca2+

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●Vitamin D3 25-hydroxy [25(OH)D3]

✧Causes of ↑
>50 ng/mL

↑ Ca2+ ↑ Vit. D intake ↑ Sunlight exposure

✧Causes of ↓
<10 ng/mL

↓ Sunlight exposure, ↓ Vit D intake / absorption . Pregnancy.
Drugs: phenobarbital, phenytoin.

•◎●━ @Biochem_Lab ━●◎•

●Vitamin D3 1,25-hydroxy [1,25(OH)2D3]

✧Causes of ↑
>76 ng/mL
↑ Ca2+ ↑ Vit. D intake ↑ Sunlight exposure

✧Causes of ↓
<20 ng/mL
↓ Sunlight exposure,
↓ Vit D intake /absorption . 
Pregnancy. 
Drugs: phenobarbital, phenytoin.

https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-AAAAAECuqoTkgQkHpiHlGA
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🔝 Calcitonin Calcium (Ca2+) plays a significant role in both nervous conduction and muscle contraction.
It is also necessary for coagulation (clotting) of blood. The blood calcium level is regulated in part by calcitonin, a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland when the blood calcium level rises 🔝

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calcitonin | Thyroid Negative Feedback Loop

https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-AAAAAECuqoTkgQkHpiHlGA

Calcium Regulation
Hormonal Control of Blood Calcium Levels

Blood levels of calcium are regulated by the parathyroid hormone, which acts on the bones, kidneys, and intestines to keep levels constant.

🔺HYPERCALCEMIA & 🔻HYPOCALCEMIA

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🔺HYPERCALCEMIA Hyperparathyroidism: usually an adenoma Malignancy: PTH-related peptide released by tumor (squamous cell, renal, breast, bladder) Vitamin D excess: granulomas (sarcoidosis, TB, Wegener’s) Increased bone turnover: hyperthyroidism, Paget’s
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🔻HYPOCALCEMIA Hypoparathyroidism: sporadic, caused by thyroid surgery, Wilson’s, hypomagnesemia Vitamin D deficiency: no sunlight, GI disease Chronic renal failure: decreased 1,25(OH)D production, increased phosphate .

http://bit.ly/2mpJ0Y9

👨‍⚕Amount of hormones release in different occasions❣

🔆Always be in love❤️

https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-AAAAAECuqoTkgQkHpiHlGA

🔝تعرف عن كل ما يتعلق بمرض السكري 🔝

https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-AAAAAECuqoTkgQkHpiHlGA