🔆 Yadava Dynasty (1187–1317 AD)

📍 Overview
✅ Capital: Devagiri (Daulatabad)
✅ Founder: Bhillama V — defeated Hoysalas & established sovereignty
✅ Extent: Maharashtra, North Karnataka, parts of Madhya Pradesh
✅ Source: Deolali inscription (mentions Seunachandra II)

📍 Important Rulers
✅ Bhillama V (1173–1191 AD)
• Title – Chakravartin Yadava (Mutugi inscription)
• Defeated Hoysala king Ballala II

✅ Simhana II (1200–1246 AD)
• Defeated Shilahara King Bhoja II
• Patronised Sarangdeva (Sangeeta Ratnakara), Changadeva (Yoga Sangrama)

✅ Ramachandra (1291–1309 AD)
• Defeated by Malik Kafur under Alauddin Khalji

📍 Art & Architecture
✅ Gondeshwar Temple (Nashik): Panchayatana layout, Bhumija-style shikhara

📍 Literature
✅ Vivekasindhu – Mukundaraja
✅ Dnyaneshwari – Dnyaneshwar (commentary on Bhagavad Gita)
✅ Karnakutuhala – Bhaskaracharya

#history

Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_4_history

🔆 Exercise Pacific Reach 2025 (XPR-25)

📍 About the Exercise
✅ Type: Biennial multinational submarine rescue exercise.
✅ Host Nation: Singapore.
✅ Participants: Over 40 countries, including India.

#cse #prelims

@CSE_EXAM

📍 RRBs Current Status & Performance (as of March)
✅ Number of RRBs: 43, sponsored by 12 Scheduled Commercial Banks.
✅ Sponsorship: All PSBs except Punjab & Sind Bank sponsor at least one; J&K Bank is the only private sponsor.
✅ PSL Leadership: 89% of total lending directed toward priority sectors.
✅ Role in Financial Inclusion:
• PMJDY accounts: 18.5% share
• PMSBY enrolments: 13.3% share
• PM-Kisan beneficiaries: 16.9% share

#mains #cse

You will also get access to all previous questions posted on the channel from 20 sept onwards.

From 15th dec, there will be weekly live bot quiz with 40 questions

EPFO Final Push – 35 Days Left

350+ aspirants have already joined and practicing daily!
Join now and give your EPFO prep the consistency it needs —
because practice is the key for any exam.

MCQ Channel – ₹199

• 500+ MCQs with explanations (target 2000+ before exam)

Live Bot Quiz – ₹199

• 40+ daily quizzes at 9 PM with ranking

Combo Offer – ₹249 Only

• Access both Channel + Bot Quiz
• Complete, structured preparation till exam

Enroll now — admissions closing soon.
Make your next 35 days count.

Sample CLICK HERE

📞 @Queen_of_hell28
@muskann_1506

🔆 Philippines – Earthquake & Key Facts

📍 Recent Event
✅ A 6.9 magnitude earthquake struck the Philippines, located in the seismically active Pacific “Ring of Fire.”

📍 Political Features
✅ Capital: Manila
✅ Region: Island nation in Southeast Asia, western Pacific Ocean
✅ Surrounding Seas:
• Philippine Sea (East)
• Celebes Sea (South)
• Sulu Sea (Southwest)
• South China Sea (West & North)

📍 Geographical Features
✅ Highest Point: Mount Apo
✅ Major Rivers: Cagayan (Río Grande de Cagayán), Mindanao, Agusan
✅ Climate: Tropical & Monsoonal — hot, humid, and typhoon-prone.

#Geography

Join https://www.tg-me.com/Mapping_prelims_mains

🔆 The Chandella Dynasty (10th–13th Century CE)

📍 Territory & Capitals
✅ Ruled over Bundelkhand (Jejakabhukti)
✅ Capitals: Khajuraho, Kalanjara, and Mahoba

📍 Prominent Rulers
✅ Nannuka (831–845 CE): Founder; ruled as a Pratihara feudatory.
✅ Dhanga (950–999 CE): Established Chandella sovereignty; ruled over Chedi, Kalinjar, and Gwalior.
✅ Vidyadhar (1003–1035 CE): Repelled Ghaznavid invasions and expanded Chandella power to its peak.

📍 Decline
✅ Ghaznavid raids (1020s) weakened the empire.
✅ Kalachuris occupied Chandella territories for nearly four decades.
✅ Parmardi (1165–1203 CE): Lost territory to Prithviraj Chauhan and later faced invasion by Qutb-ud-din Aibak.
✅ Dynasty survived another century but with reduced influence.

📍 Cultural Contributions
✅ Built the world-famous Khajuraho Temples, including the Kandariya Mahadev Temple — a pinnacle of Nagara-style architecture and sculpture.

#history

Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_4_history

🔆 23 October 2025 – Current Affairs Round-Up

📍 RBI JUNCTION
✅ RBI “State of the Economy” Report says India remains resilient but not immune to global headwinds — prepared under Deputy Governor Poonam Gupta.
✅ RBI sold $1.7B in August 2025 to arrest rupee’s fall — ₹88.89 per USD on Sept 23; YTD depreciation ~4.6%.

📍 BANKING & FINANCIAL
✅ UPI transactions surge to ₹94,000 cr daily in October, up 13% from ₹82,991 cr in Sept — highest-ever single-day record on Diwali Eve.
✅ Transaction Volume: 754M; Value: ₹1.02 lakh cr; Avg daily transactions: 695M (↑ from 654M in Sept).

📍 INTERNATIONAL
✅ Tuvalu joins IUCN as the 90th Member State.

📍 NATIONAL
✅ India ranks 9th globally in forest area, retaining 3rd spot in annual forest gain – FAO Global Forest Report.
✅ SOAR (Skilling for AI Readiness) – India’s new push for AI-driven education & upskilling, launched by MSDE (Jul 2025); ₹7,500 cr allocated in Union Budget 2025–26.
✅ PSA Office releases AI Paybooks for Agriculture, SMEs & White Papers to boost responsible AI adoption — by Ajay Kumar Sood, PSA to Govt of India.
✅ India’s renewable energy capacity rises fivefold to 197 GW since 2014; target 500 GW non-fossil by 2030.
✅ UDAN Scheme completes 9 years, facilitating 1.56 cr passengers across India since 2016; VGF ₹4,300 cr.
✅ S&P Report: India’s policy reforms & funding drive rapid green energy transition in South Asia; added 35 GW renewable capacity in 2025 (Jan–Sept).
✅ India upgrades Kabul mission to full embassy status, strengthening diplomatic presence in Afghanistan.
✅ India & UK launch Ramanujan Fellowship for young scientists to foster research links.
✅ India surpasses $20B in AI investments, cementing global leadership in digital innovation.

📍 DEFENCE
✅ INS Solhyaradi joins India–Japan Maritime Exercise (JIMEX 25) near Kyushu, Japan.
✅ Indian Navy Commanders’ Conference 2025 begins in New Delhi to review maritime preparedness.

📍 MoUs
✅ Indian Army signs MoU with Delhi Technological University for defence R&D collaboration.
✅ Naval Group & Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders extend MoU to enhance submarine export cooperation.
✅ IUCN & IRENA sign MoU to promote renewable energy & biodiversity protection.
✅ IIT-BHU inks MoU with 39 Gorkha Training Centre to strengthen defence innovation.

📍 STATES
✅ Gujaratis worldwide celebrate Bestu Varash 2025 (Gujarati New Year).
✅ Goa CM Pramod Sawant unveils logo & anthem for FIDE Chess World Cup 2025 — India hosts event after 23 years.
✅ Goa Govt introduces Chess in school & college curricula to nurture young players.
✅ New Odonate species discovered in Silent Valley National Park, Kerala.

📍 APPOINTMENTS
✅ Shantha Rangaswamy elected first woman President of the Indian Cricketers’ Association (ICA).

📍 AWARDS
✅ Neeraj Chopra conferred Honorary Rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Indian Army.

#CurrentAffairs

Hindi
https://www.tg-me.com/CurrentAffairs_ONLY/15044

🔆 Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021

📍 Objective:
✅ Regulates surrogacy in India to prevent exploitation and ensure ethical, altruistic surrogacy only.

📍 Key Points:
✅ Only altruistic surrogacy allowed; commercial surrogacy banned & punishable.
✅ Intending couple: Married Indians (Wife 23–50 yrs, Husband 26–55 yrs), with no living/adopted child.
✅ Surrogate mother: Married, 25–35 yrs, with at least one biological child.
✅ Child’s rights: Surrogate child = biological & legal child of the intending couple.

#Polity #GS2 #cse

🔆 Decline in Sunshine over India

✅ North Indian Plains: Sharpest decline — −13.1 hrs/year.
✅ Northeast Region: Stable sunshine due to weather patterns & Twomey effect (aerosols make clouds brighter, reflecting more sunlight).
✅ Cause: Solar dimming from rising aerosol emissions → smaller, long-lived cloud droplets → prolonged overcast skies.

#Environment #cse

https://www.tg-me.com/CSE_EXAM
https://aratt.ai/@cse_exam_upsc

🚀 Big Announcement for UPSC Aspirants! 47 TESTS
🎯 Launching "Prelims Test Series 2026"
By EvaluateIAS | Powered by

Get ready to ace your UPSC Prelims 2025 with our comprehensive test series at an unbelievable price of ₹99 ONLY!

✨ What’s Included?
✔️ 12 Current Affairs Tests (May 2024 - June 2025)
✔️ 5 Full-Length GS Tests (General Studies)
✔️ 5 Full-Length CSAT Tests
✔️ 7 Subject-Wise Tests (NCERT)
✔️ 12 CSAT Mini Tests
✔️ 1 All-India Ranking Test (GS + CSAT)

🌟 Why Choose Us?
- Complete coverage of all important topics.
- Designed for thorough practice and success.
- Affordable price, accessible for all aspirants.
Download Schedule
📢 Book Your Slot Now!
👉 Visit:https://www.evaluateias.com/plans-pricing
📞 Contact us at: 9009129018
T.me/Evaluate_Ias
💪 Don’t wait! Prepare smart, excel faster.
Let’s crack it together!
Sample Question

EPFO Final Push – 35 Days Left

400+ aspirants have  already joined and  practicing daily!
Join now and give your EPFO prep the consistency it needs —
because practice is the key for any exam.

MCQ Channel – ₹199

• 500+ MCQs with explanations (target 2000+ before exam)

Live Bot Quiz – ₹199

• 40+ daily quizzes at 9 PM with ranking

Combo Offer – ₹249 Only

• Access both Channel + Bot Quiz
• Complete, structured preparation till exam

Enroll now — admissions closing soon.
Make your next 35 days count.

Sample CLICK HERE

📞 @Queen_of_hell28
      @muskann_1506

Today's live bot quiz economy 9pm .

Don't miss

🔆 RBI Measures to Boost International Use of Indian Rupee (INR)

📍 Objective
✅ To promote internationalisation of the Rupee — enabling its use for global trade and financial transactions.

📍 Key Measures
✅ 1. INR Loans to Non-Residents:
Authorised dealer banks and their overseas branches can now lend in INR to residents of Bhutan, Nepal, and Sri Lanka (including banks).

✅ 2. Transparent Reference Rates:
Financial Benchmarks India Ltd (FBIL) to develop reference rates for INR against major global currencies.
Currently available for USD, Euro, Yen, and Pound Sterling.

✅ 3. Wider Use of SRVAs (Special Rupee Vostro Accounts):
Surplus SRVA balances can now be invested in corporate bonds and commercial papers (earlier limited to govt. securities).

📍 About SRVA
✅ A Special Rupee Vostro Account is an account held by a foreign bank with an Indian bank to settle trade in INR directly, bypassing the US dollar.

#economy #cse #mains

@CSE_EXAM

🔆 Centre Withdraws Approval for Animal Protein-Based Biostimulants

📍 Context:
✅ The Central Government has withdrawn approval for animal protein-based biostimulants citing religious and dietary sensitivities.

📍 About Biostimulants
✅ Definition: Substances or microorganisms that enhance plant growth by improving nutrient uptake, efficiency, and resilience to abiotic stresses (like drought, salinity, or heat).
✅ Examples: Humic acids, seaweed extracts, liquid manure compost, beneficial bacteria & fungi.
✅ Category: Officially distinct from fertilisers and insecticides, as they promote growth through biological stimulation rather than direct nutrient supply.

#Geography #cse #mains

🔆 Chola Art & Architecture

📍 Temple Architecture (Dravidian Style)
✅ Brihadeshvara Temple, Thanjavur – Built by Rajaraja I.
✅ Gangaikonda Cholapuram Temple – Built by Rajendra I to celebrate northern victories.
✅ Airavatesvara Temple, Darasuram – Built by Rajaraja II, famous for intricate sculptures.

📍 Bronze Sculptures
✅ Chola bronze (lost-wax) sculptures are masterpieces.
✅ Most iconic: Nataraja – Shiva in cosmic dance, symbolizing creation & destruction.

📍 Literature
✅ Thevaram – Shaivite devotional hymns by Appar, Sambandar, Sundarar.
✅ Periyapuranam – Biography of 63 Nayanmars, compiled by Sekkizhar (12th century).
✅ Kamban’s Ramavataram (Kamba Ramayanam) – Tamil translation of Ramayana.

#prelims
#art_and_culture

@studytoday1
@upsc_art_and_culture

🔆 Trade & Commerce in the Chola Empire

📍 Infrastructure & Industry
✅ Peruvazhis – Major trunk roads facilitated trade.
✅ Silk-weaving in Kanchipuram – Guild-based industry with residential colonies for weavers.

📍 Merchant & Artisan Guilds
✅ Ayyavole 500 (Ainutruvar) & Manigramam – Powerful regional & international trade guilds.
✅ Idangai Guilds – Artisan & merchant groups for large-scale production.
✅ Nagaram – Local guilds in commercial hubs like Kanchipuram & Mamallapuram.

📍 Trading Communities
✅ Gavundas – Landowning traders.
✅ Anjuvannam – Maritime traders (Jews, Christians, Muslims).
✅ Valanjiyar – Long-distance overseas traders.

📍 Foreign Trade
✅ Strong ties with China, Sumatra, Java, Arabia.
✅ Imported Arabian horses to strengthen cavalry.

#history

Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_4_history