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KOTA RANI
#History #IndianExpress

Among several other reasons why the government believed Mehbooba Mufti, the former chief minister of J&K, should be detained under the Public Safety Act (PSA) was a reference to her being likened to Kota Rani for her “dangerous and insidious machination and usurping nature”.

About:

Kota Rani (died 1339), was the last ruler of the Hindu Lohara dynasty in Kashmir.

She was the daughter of Ramchandra, the commander-in-chief of Suhadev, who was the king of Kashmir belonging to the Lohara dynasty.

She was regent during the minority of her son, and ruled as monarch until 1339.

She was deposed by Shah Mir, who became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir. 

Kutte Kol?

Kutte Kol is a navigational canal running through the Srinagar.

It is believed to be commissioned by Kota Rani initially to regulate floods on the Jhelum.

This canal gets water from Jhelum River at the entry point of city and again merges with Jhelum river beyond the city limits. 


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NEW UMBRELLA ENTITY (NUE)
#Economy #IndianExpress

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has released a ‘draft framework for authorisation of a pan-India New Umbrella Entity (NUE) for Retail Payment Systems’.

About:

RBI has proposed to set up a new pan-India new umbrella entity (NUE) or entities focussing on retail payment systems with a minimum paid-up capital of Rs 500 crore.

The proposed entity will set up, manage and operate new payment systems especially in the retail space comprising of ATMs, white label PoS, Aadhaar-based payments and remittance services, develop payment methods, standards and technologies, monitor related issues etc.

No single promoter or promoter group should have more than 40 per cent investment in the capital of the entity.

The promoters should upfront demonstrate capital contribution of not less than 10 per cent — Rs 50 crore — at the time of making an application for setting up of the entity.

The promoter or the promoter group shareholding should be diluted to a minimum of 25 per cent after 5 years of the commencement of business. A minimum networth of Rs 300 crore should be maintained.

The entity eligible to apply as promoter or the promoter group for the NUE should be ‘owned and controlled by residents’ with 3 years’ experience in the payments ecosystem as Payment System Operator (PSO) or Payment Service Provider (PSP) or Technology Service Provider (TSP). 

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DETAINING CHILDREN
#SocialIssues #TheHindu

The Supreme Court has made it clear that the police have no right to detain children in conflict with law in a lockup or a jail.

About:

A juvenile in conflict with law, if apprehended, has to be placed immediately under the care of the special juvenile police unit or a designated child welfare officer.

The child has to be produced before the Juvenile Justice Board (JJB). Once a child is produced before a JJB, bail is the rule.

If for some reason bail is not granted, a child cannot be put behind bars. He has to be lodged either in an observation home or in a place of safety.

The law is meant to protect children and not detain them in jail or keep them in police custody. 

The order came after the recent media reports about “children being detained in police custody and tortured in Delhi and Uttar Pradesh” in connection with the protests against the Citizenship (Amendments) Act
.

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YARAVIRUS
#ScienceTech #IndianExpress

In a lake in Brazil, researchers have discovered a virus called Yaravirus that has a “puzzling origin and phylogeny.”

About:

The Yaravirus infects amoeba and has genes that have not been described before, something that could challenge how DNA viruses are classified. Over 90% of the Yaravirus’s genome has not been observed before

Because of the Yaravirus’s small size, it was unlike other viruses that infect amoeba and they named it as a tribute to Yara, the “mother of waters” in the mythological stories of the Tupi-Guarani indigenous tribes.

The virus does not infect human cells.

Although it is only now that the virus has been identified, the researchers believe that it has been present on Earth for ages. 

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COVID-19
#Health #IndianExpress

The World Health Organization (WHO) gave an official name for the illness caused by the new coronavirus: COVID-19.

About:

The virus will now be called “COVID-19”; the “CO” stands for coronavirus, “VI” for virus, “D” for disease and “19” for 2019, as the illness was first detected toward the end of last year.

Until now, versions of the following nomenclature were being used for coronavirus: “nCoV-2019”.

The death toll from the virus has now surpassed 1,000 and has infected tens of thousands of people, the majority of which are in China. 

How does the WHO name new diseases?

Under international guidelines, the WHO had to find a name that did not refer to a geographical location, an animal, an individual or group of people, and which is also pronounceable and related to the disease.

The names should also be short and should be consistent with the guidelines under the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) Content Model Reference Guide.

International Classification of Diseases (ICD), which is also managed by the WHO, provides a final standard name for each human disease according to standard guidelines. 


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VIRUPAPURA GADDI
#Geography #TheHindu

The Supreme Court confirmed the Karnataka government authorities’ decision to demolish restaurants and hotels constructed in Virupapura Gaddi, an oval islet formed by Tungabhadra river and located west of the Hampi World Heritage site.

About:

The Supreme Court concluded that the constructions were in violation of the Mysore Ancient and Historical Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act of 1961.

The court upheld the validity of a 1988 State notification that “clearly indicates the entire village of Virupapura Gaddi as a protected zone”. It said a place need not necessarily boast a monument to be protected.

The 1988 notification issued under Section 19(3) of the 1961 Act declaring Virupapura Gaddi as a protected area can’t be said to be without basis. 

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APIARY ON WHEELS
#Economy #Pib

Union Minister of MSME flags off Apiary on Wheels in Delhi.

About:

‘Apiary on Wheels’ is a unique concept designed by Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) for the easy upkeep and migration of Bee Boxes having live Bee colonies.

Apiary on Wheels is a platform which can carry 20 Bee Boxes from one place to another without any difficulty. 

KVIC launched Honey Mission in 2017 and has been training beekeepers, distributing Bee Boxes and helping rural, educated but unemployed youth to earn extra income through beekeeping activities, at their doorstep. 

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THE FUTURE OF EARTH, 2020 REPORT
#EnvironmentEcology #TheHindu

‘The Future of Earth, 2020’ report was jointly released by the South Asia Future Earth Regional Office, Divecha Centre for Climate Change and the Indian Institute of Science.

About:

The report lists five global risks that have the potential to impact and amplify one another in ways that may cascade to create global systemic crisis.

The five global risks are: failure of climate change mitigation and adaptation; extreme weather events; major biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse; food crises; and water crises. 

Future Earth is an international sustainability research network. The report was prepared with the aim of reducing carbon footprint and halting global warming below 2 degree Celsius by 2050.

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INDIA-US TRADE RELATIONS
#International #EconomicTimes

The United States Trade Representative (USTR) removed India from its list of developing countries that are exempt from investigations into whether they harm American industry with unfairly subsidised exports.

About:

The USTR also eliminated Brazil, Indonesia, Hong Kong, South Africa and Argentina from getting special preferences under the methodology for countervailing duty (CVD) investigations, stating that the previous guidance that dated back to 1998 “is now obsolete”.

The US removed India from the list on account of it being a G-20 member and having a share of 0.5% or more of world trade.

The move has cast a shadow on India being able to restore preferential benefits under the Generalised System of Preference (GSP) as part of its trade talks with the US, as only developing countries are eligible for it.

For purposes of US CVD law, the USTR therefore considers countries with a share of 0.5% or more of world trade to be developed countries. India’s share in global exports was 1.67% in 2018. In global imports, it was 2.57%.

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FOSSIL FUEL AIR POLLUTION COST
#Environmemt #IndianExpress

A new Greenpeace report has estimated the global cost of air pollution from fossil fuels at around $2.9 trillion per year, or $8 billion per day — 3.3% of the world’s GDP.

About:

India is estimated to bear a cost of $150 billion, or 5.4% of the country’s GDP, which is the third-highest absolute cost from fossil fuel air pollution worldwide.

China and the US are estimated to bear the highest absolute costs from fossil fuel air pollution, respectively at $900 billion and $600 billion.

Globally, air pollution is estimated to cause 4.5 million premature deaths each year. This includes 3 million deaths attributable globally to PM2.5, which is one of the principal pollutants in northern Indian cities including Delhi.

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#Environment #IndianExpress

Globally, PM2.5 is also estimated to cause the loss of 62.7 million years of life, 2.7 million emergency room visits due to asthma, 2 million preterm births and 1.75 billion work absences. The 2 million preterm births include 981,000 in India and over 350,000 in China.

In India, exposure to fossil fuels also leads to a loss of around 490 million workdays. 

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KONARK SUN TEMPLE
#Culture #TheHindu

Union Culture Minister said that a plan to restore the Konark Sun temple in Odisha would be drawn up soon. According to Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), the temple had been filled with sand and sealed by the British authorities in 1903 to stabilise the structure.

About:

Location: It is located on the coastline of Odisha in Puri district. The temple was originally constructed at the mouth of the river Chandrabhaga, but the waterline has receded since then.

History: It was built in the 13th century. The temple is attributed to king Narasingha deva I of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty about 1250 CE.

Features:
Also called the Surya Devalaya, the temple is dedicated to the Hindu god Surya.

The temple complex has the appearance of a 100-foot high solar chariot, with 24 wheels and pulled by six horses, all carved from stone.

It is a classic example of the Odisha style of Architecture or Kalinga Architecture.

It is oriented towards the east so that the first rays of the sunrise strike the main entrance. The wheels of the temple are sundials, which can be used to calculate time accurately to a minute.

The temple, built from Khondalite rocks, was also known as 'BLACK PAGODA' due to its dark colour.

It was given the status of a World Heritage Site in 1984 by UNESCO.

The temple remains a site of contemporary worship for Hindus, during the annual Chandrabhaga Festival, around the month of February.

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EXERCISE AJEYA WARRIOR-2020
#DefenceSecurity #TimesOfIndia

The fifth edition of Exercise AJEYA WARRIOR-2020 between India and United Kingdom Army commenced at Salisbury Plains, United Kingdom.

About:

The aim of exercise, now in its fifth edition, is to conduct training of troops in counter insurgency and counter terrorist operations in both Urban and Semi Urban areas.

Exercise AJEYA WARRIOR-2020 is a shining example of long standing strategic ties between India and United Kingdom. 

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CRIMINALISATION OF POLITY
#PolityGovernance #TheHindu

The Supreme Court ordered political parties to publish the entire criminal history of their candidates for the Assembly and Lok Sabha elections along with the reasons that goaded them to field suspected criminals over decent people.

About:

The information should be published in a local and a national newspaper as well as the parties’ social media handles.

It should mandatorily be published either within 48 hours of the selection of candidates or less than two weeks before the first date for filing of nominations, whichever is earlier.

It ordered political parties to submit compliance reports with the Election Commission of India within 72 hours or risk contempt of court action.

The judgment is applicable to parties both at the Central and State levels.

The published information on the criminal antecedents of a candidate should be detailed and include the nature of the offences, charges framed against him, the court concerned and the case number. 

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LUI-NGAI-NI
#Culture #Air

The Naga tribes of Manipur celebrated it's seed sowing festival 'Lui-Ngai-Ni', under the theme "Oneness through Culture” in Ukhrul, Manipur.

About:

Lui Ngai Ni is the seed-sowing festival celebrated by the Naga tribes of Manipur India.

The festival heralds the season of seed sowing and marks the start of the year for the Nagas and the festival was declared a state holiday since 1988.

The festival is celebrated annually on 14–15 February at the start of the spring season.

It is the second major inter-tribe Naga festival after Hornbill Festival.

Leaders from other communities of the State, mainly Meitei, Kuki and Zomi also participated in Festival to show mutual solidarity for peaceful co-existence. 

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INDIA-PORTUGAL RELATIONS
#International #Air

India and Portugal signed 14 agreements to boost cooperation in a range of areas during the State visit of his President of Portugal to India. The last visit by a President of Portugal to India was in 2007.

Some of the MoUs/Agreements signed during the visit are:

MOU for Cooperation for Setting Up a National Maritime Museum Heritage Complex in Lothal (Gujarat) between Portuguese Ministry of Defence and Indian Ministry of Shipping.

MOU between Economic and Food Safety Authority (ASAE) and DPIIT, Ministry of Commerce or co-operation in the field of industrial and intellectual property rights

Joint Declaration on India and Portugal Mobility Partnership.

MoU between We-Hub Telangana and PARKURBIS Covilha for Exchange of Women Start-up Entrepreneurs

MOU between VEDA Defence and UA Vision for production of drones

MOU between TERI-DEAKIN Centre, Gurugram and International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL) Braga for co-operation in Nano-biotechnology.
EAST-WEST METRO CORRIDOR IN KOLKATA
#Economy #Air

Railway Minister Piyush Goyal inaugurated the first phase of East-West Metro in Kolkata.

About:

The passengers services in this 5.8 Kilometers stretch will run between Salt Lake's Sector five and Salt Lake Stadium. The remaining 10.6 Kilometers starches of East-West Metro will be completed by December 2021.

More than 2,400 crore rupees have been spent for first phase of East-West Metro. On completion, it will connect two old cities Kolkata and Howrah.

It will be Country's first underwater train lines where trains will play in tunnels under river Hooghly. 

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KASHI MAHAKAL EXPRESS
#Economy #Air

Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate the Kashi Mahakal Express from Varanasi on February 17, 2020.

About:

This bi-weekly train will run between Varanasi and Indore.

It will connect three major Jyotirling in India located in Varanasi, Ujjain and Omkareshwar.

With this, Indian Railways will launch its first overnight journey private train. 

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JET STREAM
#Geography #IndianExpress

A British Airways flight broke the subsonic speed record during its New York-to-London journey, surpassing the previous record by 17 minutes, and completing the trip 80 minutes sooner than estimated.

About:

The Boeing 747-436 plane was able to achieve a speed of 1,327 kph as it was aided by a strong jet stream generated due to Storm Ciara.

Jet streams are narrow bands of strong winds that flow over thousands of kilometres from west to east.

Major jet streams are found near the upper levels of the atmosphere, around 9 to 16 km from the earth’s surface, and can reach speeds of over 320 kph.

The jet streams shift to the north or south depending on the season. During winters, the wind current is the strongest. They are also closer to the Equator during winter.

The major jet streams are the Polar Front, Subtropical, and Tropical jet streams. In India, the Tropical jet stream influences the formation and duration of the summer monsoon. 

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BELGIAN MALINOIS
#DefenceSecurity #IndianExpress

The Kolkata Police announced that Belgian Malinois will be inducted into the specialised dog squad being set up to combat terror activities in Kolkata. Early last year, the Mumbai police too added the Belgian Malinois to its existing dog squad.

About:

The Belgian Malinois is one of the four breeds of Belgian sheepdogs that were bred for herding. Malinois is the short-coated variety of a Belgian Shepherd Dog.

The dog breed that helped US Seals track Osama bin Laden in 2011 in Pakistan. In 2019, a male Belgian Malinois, Conan, was used during the Barisha raid to chase Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.

Dogs have visual and olfactory sensory abilities that can go where a soldier cannot. They can also intimidate a foe more quickly using non-lethal force. Because of these qualities, dogs have been trained for military duties for over a century. 

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2025/10/21 14:39:59
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