Unit-19 Exercises || Answered

#Unit-20 I am going to (do)

⚡️Further reading on future forms and uses⚡️



♦️ Spontaneous (unplanned) future decisions (will) ♦️

We use "will" to express a decision that we make spontaneously in the present moment.

Examples:

- (The phone rings) I’ll answer it.

- Oh, and I'll also take a kilo of oranges please.



♦️ future facts (will) ♦️
- We can use "will" to describe future facts.

Examples:

- Tomorrow, the sun will rise at 8:30 and will set at 5 PM.

- Who will host the next World Cup?



♦️Predictions based on opinion (will) or based on a present situation (be going to) ♦️

We can use "will" or "be going to" make predictions:

(1) to express opinions about things that may happen in the future; or

(2) to make assumptions about the future based on something that's happening now (or a present situation).

We often use "think" to express an opinion.

Examples:

- I think it will rain tomorrow. / It'll rain tomorrow. (an opinion )

- The clouds are coming out... It's going to rain. (an assumption based on the clouds)

- It will be a boring meeting as usual.

- I think it’s going to be hot today.



♦️ To express a future plan (be going to) ♦️

We use "be going to + infinitive" to describe an arrangement that we plan to do in the future.

This can be tricky for learners. We do not use "will" for things that we've already arranged or decided to do. As noted above, we use "will" for things that we decide to do right at that very moment of speaking.

(Please note that we can either use "be going to" or the present continuous to express a future plan). The present continuous and "be going to + infinitive" are formed in a similar way).

- We're going to see a movie tonight.

- After the movie, we're going to have dinner at the pizzeria.

- We're all going to meet in front of the cinema at 7 PM.




♦️Future plans / decisions with the main verb "be" (will) ♦️

As noted above, we use "be going to" to express future actions that are planned in advance and "will" for spontaneous decisions. However, if the main verb is "be," we can use "will" to express a future action - even if it is for a firm plan or decision made in advance.

Examples:

- We'll be in Washington tomorrow for a conference.

- Will you be at home later?

- I won't be at the office next week.




♦️ To express willingness / unwillingness (will) ♦️
We can use "will" to show that we are willing or voluntarily agreeing (or not willing or agreeing) to do something in the future.

This includes making promises that we will do something and making requests or asking people if they are willing to do something.

Examples:

- I will get the children after school.

- He won't do it for free.

- Will they deliver the furniture to my home?

- I promise I will come home by midnight.



♦️To make an invitation (will)♦️
We can use "will" in the future simple tense to invite people to future events.

- Will you marry me?

- Yes! Will you come with me to tell my parents the good news?

- I'm engaged! Will you come to my bachelorette party?


♦️To make an offer or suggestion (shall) ♦️
"Shall" is used with the "I" and "we" forms to make offers and suggestions using questions. (Note: We don't use "shall" for "you / he / she / it / they" when we make offers and suggestions).

Examples:

- Shall I get something for dinner?

- Shall I help you carry those heavy boxes?



♦️Asking opinions and advice (shall) ♦️
Shall is often used with "I" and "we" to ask about someone's opinion or advice (usually about an offer or suggestion.)

- What shall I wear to my interview?

- Who shall we invite to the meeting?


♦️Final Note: Other ways to talk about the future:
We can also talk about the future without using a future verb tense.

For example, as noted above (for planned events), we can use the present continuous to talk about something that we have a plan or intention to do in the future.

Also, the simple present is used for scheduled (timetabled) events in the future.

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#Unit-20 Exercises || Answered

#Unit-21 will and shall 1 #modals

⚡️Further reading on the difference between will and shall⚡️


We use ‘will’ for the following situations:


♦️ 1- to describe the future:

- We’ll not be at the hotel until 8 p.m.

- The train will be late today because of the bad weather.



♦️ 2- to make a prediction:

- The world population will grow a lot in the next 50 years.

- Who do you think will win the tournament?

Notice: Some predictions are about facts – things that we know always happen:

- It’s all wool. It’ll shrink if you wash it in hot water.



♦️ 3- for intentions and decision made at the moment of speaking:

- I'm busy right now - I'll call you tomorrow.

- Jean’s over there. I’ll just go and say ‘hello’ before we leave.

Remember: We use will and be going to for decisions, intentions and plans. We use will when the decision is immediate and be going to when we have already made a plan.



♦️ 4- to make a request (when you want somebody to do something for you):

- Will you bring some more water please?

- Will you be quiet please? I’m trying to make an important phone call.



♦️ 5- to make promises and offers:

- I’ll be there for you. Don’t worry.

- She’ll help you finish the work, don’t worry.



♦️ 6- to describe the consequence of a conditional phrase (the first conditional):

- If it rains, I’ll take my umbrella,

- Will she come to dinner if I invite her?



♦️ 7- willingness (especially with "I"):

- I'll show you where to go.

- I’ll give you a lift to school.


♦️ 8- Inanimate objects (things)
"Will" may be used to refer to inanimate objects and how they respond to humans, most typically in the negative form won’t:

- The car won’t start.

- The door won’t open. It’s stuck.


We use ‘shall’ for the following situations:

In the past, ‘shall’ was often used as an alternative to ‘will’, but in modern English we usually prefer ‘will’ for affirmative and negative sentences. However, we still use ‘shall’ to form questions with ‘I’ and ‘we’, especially in British English.


♦️ 1- to make offers using "I" and "we" (When you want to know if someone wants you to do something for them):

- Shall I make some lunch?

- Shall I water your plants while you’re away?



♦️2- to make suggestions using "I" and "we":

- Shall we go to the park later?

- Shall we have something to eat?



♦️ 3- to express formal obligations or commands:

- Applicants shall provide evidence of their qualifications.

- The accused shall appear in court again on 26th October.


Notice: "Shall" is sometimes used with second and third person pronouns to express a threat.

- You shall regret this.



♦️ 4- to make a promise:

- We shall do everything we can to solve the problem.

- He shan’t be long. Do have a seat while you wait.



♦️ 5- to describe the future VERY formally:

- We shall overcome this difficult moment.

- Mr Lopez shall begin his talk at 2:30pm.


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Exercises of #Unit-21

Unit-21 Exercises || Answered

#Unit-22 will and shall 2 #modals

⚡️Further reading on the difference between will and shall⚡️


♦️We do not use 'will' to say what somebody has already arranged or decided to do:

- I am travelling next week. (not I will travel next week.)

- She is going on a holiday next Friday. (not She will go on a holiday)



♦️We use 'will' to say what we know or believe about the future (not what someone has already decided).

- I think that she will pass her exams.

- I think it will be rainy tomorrow.



Compare:

1- I think James is going to the party on Friday. (= I think he has already decided to go)

2- I think James will go to the party on Friday. (= I think he will decide to go)




♦️We often use will (’ll) with: probably, I’m sure, I think, I don’t think or I wonder

- I wonder who will come first.

- Don't worry about the exam. I'm sure you will pass.



♦️Normally we use 'shall' only with I and we. You can say:

- I shall be late this evening. or I will be late this morning.

- We shall probably travel by train. or We will probably travel by train.



Notice-1:
In spoken English we normally use I’ll and we’ll:
- We'll be there on time.

Notice-2:
We don't use "shall" with he, she, it, you, they.

Notice-3:
The negative of "shall" is "shall not" or "shan't"

Notice-4:
The negative of "will" is "will not" or "won't"


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Shall or will?

What is the difference between these four uses of the future tense?

1. I shall do the essay tomorrow evening.

2. I will do the essay tomorrow evening.


and


3. They will return at six o’clock.

4. They shall return at six o’clock.


Please feel free to leave us a comment telling us about the difference between these two pairs of sentences.

https://www.tg-me.com/English_Grammar_in_Use_5th

Many people think that "shall" and "will" are interchangeable, but strictly speaking they are not. Moreover, the ways in which they differ are highly complicated.

In the first person;

- "I/We shall" expresses the simple future.

- "I/We will" though still expresses the future, additionally conveys intention or determination.

Thus sentence 1 is an unadorned statement, while 2 resembles a promise.



But the position is reversed in the second and third persons.

- "You/He/She/It/They will" expresses the simple future.

- "You/He/She/It/They shall" are almost directives. They still express the future, but there is an additional sense of determination or even command conveyed.

Thus, it's 3 above is the unadorned statement; 4 is an effect issuing an order, or at least expressing the speaker's belief that the words will come true.


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