#Unit-17 have and have got

⚡️Further reading on the differences between Have and Have got⚡️

♦️ 1- When we are talking about possession, relationships, illnesses and characteristics of people or things we can use either "have" or "have got":

* I have two sisters. ✅
* I have got two sisters. ✅

* She has blue eyes. ✅
* She has got blue eyes. ✅



♦️ 2- ONLY Have is correct when talking about actions, experiments or things that we do (In these cases, 'have got' is NOT allowed:

* I usually have dinner at 8 o’clock. ✅
* I usually have got dinner at 8 o’clock. ❌

* I have a shower every day. ✅
* I have got a shower every day. ❌



♦️ 3- "Have got" is for Spoken English

Use "have got" in spoken English.
Use "have" in your formal written English (business correspondence, etc.).

If you are writing an informal message to your friends - on Facebook, for example - "have got" is fine.

* I have got a car. (Informal) ✅

* I have a car. (More formal) ✅



♦️ 4- Note that "have got" is NOT the present perfect of "get".

With "have got" we don’t use helping verbs such as do and don’t to form questions and negatives:

+ He has got a beautiful house.
- He has not got a big house.
? Has he got a beautiful house?


While with "have" we do use the helping verbs "do or does" to form questions and negatives:

+ He has a beautiful house.
- He does not have a big house.
? Does he have a beautiful house?



♦️ 5- "Have got" only exists in the Present Simple Tense. We don’t use it in the continuous, past or future tenses.

* He has a problem. ✅
* He has got a problem. ✅


* He had a problem. ✅
* He had got a problem. ❌

* He will probably have a problem. ✅
* He will probably have got a problem. ❌



♦️NOTE-1:

"Have got" is NOT normally used in the simple past tense "had got"; it is not considered correct to say:

* Last year we had got a house in the city. ❌

Rather, "had" alone is used as the simple past. "Had got" is normally heard as an even more colloquial version of "have got".



♦️NOTE-2:
The "have" in "have got" is almost always contracted (e.g. I've got, he's got, John's got).

In the sense of to be obliged, the "have" is sometimes not contracted when "got" or the subject is stressed in the sentence:

* I have got to go there.
* I've got to go there.

(The two examples above are both common but "I've got to go there." is almost exclusively preferred in spoken English over "I have got to go there.").



♦️NOTE-3:

While "have got" and variants are common colloquial usage, in most cases the "got" is redundant and can be removed without changing the meaning of the sentence.


When "have got" or "has got" is used as the Present Perfect of get, then got should be retained.

Example: "She has got under my skin".

((In American English, one normally says "have gotten" or "has gotten" when forming the present perfect of "get", but nevertheless one uses "have got" or "has got" when the meaning is "to have".

In British English, "got" is employed in both usages.



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Exercises of #Unit-17

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Unit-17 Exercises || Answered

#Unit-18 used to (do)

⚡️Further reading on used to⚡️


♦️ We use "used to" when we refer to things in the past which are no longer true. It can refer to repeated actions or to a state or situation:

For example:

- I used to have long hair (but now I have short hair).

- He used to smoke (but now he doesn't smoke).

- They used to live in India (but now they live in Germany).

- He used to play football for the local team, but he’s too old now.





♦️ Negative: didn’t use to:

The negative of "used to" is most commonly "didn’t use(d) to". Sometimes we write it with a final -d, sometimes not. Both forms are common, but many people consider the form with the final -d to be incorrect, and you should not use it in formal writing:


- It didn’t use to be so crowded in the shops as it is nowadays.

- I didn’t used to like broccoli when I was younger, but I love it now. (Don’t use this form in exams, because it is informal.)



In very formal styles, we can use the negative form "used not to":

- She used not to live as poorly as she does now.





♦️Questions:

The most common form of question is the auxiliary "did" + use(d) to. Many people consider the form with a final -d to be incorrect, and you should not use it in formal writing:

- I think we met once, a couple of years ago. Did you use to work with Kevin Harris?

- Didn’t she used to live in the same street as us? (Don’t use this form in written Academic exams.)




♦️ Emphatic "did"
We can use the emphatic auxiliary "did" with "used to":

- We never used to mix very much with the neighbours, but we did used to say hello to them in the street. (Don’t use this form in written Academic exams.)





♦️"used to" or "be used to"?
"used to" (when used as a verb) refers to actions and situations in the past which no longer happen or are no longer true. It always refers to the past:

- She used to sing in a choir, but she gave it up. (She sang, but she doesn’t sing any more)

"be used to" (when used as an adjective) means ‘be accustomed to’ or ‘be familiar with’. It can refer to the past, present or future. We follow "be used to" with a noun (phrase), a pronoun or the -ing form of a verb "the gerund":


- I work in a hospital, so I’m used to long hours. (I am accustomed to/familiar with long hours.)

- She lives in a very small village and hates traffic. She’s not used to it.

- I'm used to getting up early, so I don't mind doing it (= getting up early is normal for me, it's what I usually do).




♦️Note that we make the negative or the question with the verb 'be' in the normal way. The 'used to' doesn't change:

- Lucy isn't used to staying up late, so she's very tired today.


- Are your children used to walking a lot?



♦️ We can use 'get used to + verb-ing' (which is considered more formal than "be used to") to talk about the change of not normal to normal. We can also use this in any tense:


- Don't worry if your new job is hard at first. You will get used to it.

- It took me a few months to get used to living in Japan. At first everything seemed very different, but then gradually it became normal for me.



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Exercises of #Unit-18

Unit-18 Exercises || Answered

#Unit-19 Present tenses (I do / I am doing) for the future

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⚡️Further reading on the Present (Simple and Continuous) Tenses for Future⚡️


We can use the Present Continuous ( I am doing) and the Present Simple (I do) to talk about future events:



♥️ Present Continuous for future♥️



♦️ Arrangements / Plans:
(something that you have already decided to do and you have made some preparations for it). Usually, more than one person is aware of the event and some preparations have already happened.

- I am coming to your home tonight. (Both you and I know that).

- I am meeting Sarah at the railway station tomorrow.




♦️Actions in the immediate future:

(We also use the present continuous for an action just before we start to do it. This happen especially with verbs of movement (go/come/leave etc.):

- Are you ready? Yes, I'm coming.

- It's getting late. I'm leaving.





♥️ Present Simple for future ♥️


♦️ Schedules / Fixed Timetables:

(Something that always occurs at the same time - usually for airports, schools, companies etc.)


- The plane leaves tomorrow at 5 pm. (it always leaves at 5 pm on Mondays).

- The meeting starts at 10:00 am every Sunday.



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