UPPSC prelims result

🔆 Araku Farmers & Organic Coffee Boom

📍 What’s Happening?
✅ Araku tribal farmers in Andhra Pradesh have secured organic certification for their coffee.
✅ Now eligible to export organic coffee to Europe & the U.S., meeting rising global demand.

📍 Key Impact
✅ 2,000 Araku farmers can now market coffee with the organic tag, increasing their quality & pricing power.
✅ Tata has agreed to procure 100 quintals of organic coffee, reflecting market interest.
✅ The organic shift ensures higher income for farmers and economic sustainability.

📍 Araku Coffee & Global Recognition
✅ Won "Best Robusta" at the Café de Colombia Competition.
✅ Received GI Tag in 2019 for its unique quality.
✅ Other Indian coffees with GI Tag:
🔸Coorg Arabica,Wayanad Robusta, Chikmagalur Arabica, Bababudangiris Arabica (Karnataka)
🔸Monsooned Malabar Robusta (Kerala)

📍 India & Global Coffee Production
✅ Top 3 coffee producers: Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia.
✅ India is the 6th largest coffee producer globally.
✅ Top 3 coffee-producing states in India: Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu.

#geography #agriculture
#prelims #mains

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Bhavani River:

✅It originates in the upper regions of the Nilgiris of Western Ghats.
✅It flows across three districts of Tamil Nadu - Nilgiris, Coimbatore and Erode.
✅It is a major tributary of the Cauvery River and the second largest river in Tamil Nadu.
✅The river confluences with Cauvery at Bhavani after it travels 185 km distance. About 90 per cent of the river water is used for agriculture.
✅The drainage basin of this perennial river is spread over an area of 6,200 square kilometers, out of which, eighty seven percent is in Tamil Nadu, nine percent in Kerala and four percent in 
The largest tributaries of the Bhavani River are West and East Varagar, which come from the Nilgiris. 
✅Bhavani Sangameshwarar Temple, situated at the meeting point of Bhavani and Cauvery Rivers, is a prominent pilgrim center.
✅The Bhavanisagar dam is constructed on this River which is one of the world's largest earthen dams.

🔆 Geographical Highlights

📍 Minami-Torishima Island (Japan)
✅ Researchers discovered 230 million tons of minerals, including cobalt and nickel, off a remote island 1,200 miles from Tokyo, Japan.

📍 Mackenzie River (Canada)
✅ Canada’s longest river, spanning 1,738 km from Great Slave Lake, is experiencing historically low water levels.

#Geography

📌 Key Facts: New Caledonia & Spain’s Cartagena Port 🚢
🌍 New Caledonia

✅ French overseas territory in the South West Pacific Ocean.
✅ Part of the EU’s Overseas Countries & Territories (OCTs) but not in the EU, Eurozone, or Schengen Area.
✅ Lagoon & coral reef ecosystem designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
⚓️ Spain’s Cartagena – Port of Call

✅ Spain denied access to an Israel-bound ship carrying arms at Cartagena Port.
✅ A port of call is a designated stop for ships during their journey.

🔆Shinku La Tunnel:
✅ BRO has started work on Shinku La Tunnel, set to be the world’s highest tunnel, connecting Manali to Leh.

📍 Sonai Rupai Wildlife Sanctuary (Assam):
✅ NGT flags concerns over construction activities in the sanctuary.
✅ Part of Sonitpur Kameng Elephant Reserve & linked to Nameri National Park.
✅ Recognized as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International.

 Pir Panjal Range:
✅Location: Part of the Lesser Himalayas, spanning India and Pakistan-administered Kashmir.
✅States covered: Extends across Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir in India.
📍Key Geographic Features:
✅Mountain Peaks:
Deo Tibba (6,001 m) and Indrasan (6,221 m) at its eastern end.
✅Major Rivers:
🔸Separates the Beas and Ravi rivers from the Chenab River.
🔸Origin of tributaries feeding the Jhelum and Indus rivers.
✅Strategic Connectivity:
🔸The Mughal Road links Rajouri and Poonch with Kashmir Valley via the Pir Panjal Pass (3,490 m).
🔸Jawahar Tunnel (2.5 km) under the Banihal Pass connects Banihal to Qazigund.
📍Tourist and Historical Importance:
✅Home to Gulmarg, a famous hill resort in Kashmir.
✅Historically, Pir Panjal was Kashmir’s ancient trade route with India.

MPPSC prelims result out

🛑 Chilankgava Mountain Range witnessed a devastating incident as Malawi’s Vice President tragically lost his life in a plane crash.

🌍 Lake Natron & Climate Change: A Silent Crisis

🔥 Tanzania’s Lake Natron—a unique, alkaline lake vital for flamingo breeding—is under threat! Rising temperatures, reduced rainfall, and human activities are altering its delicate ecosystem.

🦩 Why It Matters?

Home to 75% of the world’s lesser flamingo population.
Climate change is increasing water evaporation, making the lake even more saline.
Industrial projects pose a risk to biodiversity and local communities.

Lake Tanganyika:
✅It is an ancient lake located in East Africa.
✅Bordering Countries: Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Tanzania and Zambia.
It is extremely long, deepest and is the longest lake in the world, measuring over 400 miles long.
✅It occupies the southern end of the Western Rift Valley, and for most of its length the land rises steeply from its shores.
✅It is situated on the line dividing the floral regions of eastern and western Africa. The oil palms, which are characteristic of the flora of western Africa, grow along the lake’s shores.
✅The largest rivers discharging into the lake are the Malagarasi, the Ruzizi, and the
✅Its outlet is the Lukuga River, which flows into the Lualaba River.
✅Rice and subsistence crops are grown along the shores, and fishing is of some significance.

🔆Gulf of Eilat:
✅It is also known as Gulf of Aqaba which is the northeastern extension of the Red Sea.
✅The northern portion of the Red Sea is divided by the Sinai Peninsula into the Gulf of Aqaba in the east and the Gulf of Suez in the west. 
✅It is located along the southeastern edge of the Sinai Peninsula and to the west of the Arabian Peninsula. 
✅It forms an integral part of the East African Rift System and was created by seismic activity along the Afro-Syrian Rift.
✅The Tiran Strait connects the Gulf of Aqaba with the Red Sea. It also serves as a connecting point between the continents of Asia and Africa.
✅It supports unique and diverse aquatic ecosystems and serves as a vital habitat for some of the world’s richest coral reefs.
✅It is bordered by the countries of Israel, Jordan, Egypt and Saudi Arabia.
✅Some of the major cities that are situated on the northern end of the Gulf of Aqaba include Taba (Egypt), Eilat (Israel), and Aqaba (Jordan). 

🔆Anamudi Shola National Park:

✅It is located in the Western Ghats region of the Kerala.
✅It is surrounded by Eravikulam National park, Pampadum Shola National park, Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary and Mathikettan Shola Park.
✅Its tallest peak is Anamudi.
📍Vegetation:
✅It consists of southern subtropical hill forests, southern montane wet temperate forests and moist deciduous forests.
✅The unique thing in the dense shola woods that houses a dense patch of stunted trees will be the luxurious presence of lichen, mosses, and climbers.
✅Flora:The place is home to around 174 species of herbs and shrubs, 62 species of trees and around 40 species of climbers of which quite a few of them are endemic..
✅Fauna: It is home to Leopards, civet cats, wolves, Indian bison, wild boars, elephants, tigers, Panther, and sloth bears etc.

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#Tiger_Reserve_series
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