π Araku Farmers & Organic Coffee Boom
π Whatβs Happening?
β Araku tribal farmers in Andhra Pradesh have secured organic certification for their coffee.
β Now eligible to export organic coffee to Europe & the U.S., meeting rising global demand.
π Key Impact
β 2,000 Araku farmers can now market coffee with the organic tag, increasing their quality & pricing power.
β Tata has agreed to procure 100 quintals of organic coffee, reflecting market interest.
β The organic shift ensures higher income for farmers and economic sustainability.
π Araku Coffee & Global Recognition
β Won "Best Robusta" at the CafΓ© de Colombia Competition.
β Received GI Tag in 2019 for its unique quality.
β Other Indian coffees with GI Tag:
πΈCoorg Arabica,Wayanad Robusta, Chikmagalur Arabica, Bababudangiris Arabica (Karnataka)
πΈMonsooned Malabar Robusta (Kerala)
π India & Global Coffee Production
β Top 3 coffee producers: Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia.
β India is the 6th largest coffee producer globally.
β Top 3 coffee-producing states in India: Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
#geography #agriculture
#prelims #mains
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π Whatβs Happening?
β Araku tribal farmers in Andhra Pradesh have secured organic certification for their coffee.
β Now eligible to export organic coffee to Europe & the U.S., meeting rising global demand.
π Key Impact
β 2,000 Araku farmers can now market coffee with the organic tag, increasing their quality & pricing power.
β Tata has agreed to procure 100 quintals of organic coffee, reflecting market interest.
β The organic shift ensures higher income for farmers and economic sustainability.
π Araku Coffee & Global Recognition
β Won "Best Robusta" at the CafΓ© de Colombia Competition.
β Received GI Tag in 2019 for its unique quality.
β Other Indian coffees with GI Tag:
πΈCoorg Arabica,Wayanad Robusta, Chikmagalur Arabica, Bababudangiris Arabica (Karnataka)
πΈMonsooned Malabar Robusta (Kerala)
π India & Global Coffee Production
β Top 3 coffee producers: Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia.
β India is the 6th largest coffee producer globally.
β Top 3 coffee-producing states in India: Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
#geography #agriculture
#prelims #mains
Join @CSE_EXAM
@Mapping_prelims_mains
π16
π Major Industrial Regions of the World ππ
β Eastern North America β Includes the Great Lakes region (Chicago, Detroit, Pittsburgh), North-Eastern states (New York, Boston), and Southern states (Texas, Louisiana). It is known for iron & steel, automobiles, chemicals, aerospace industries, and major financial & tech hubs like New York, Chicago, and Toronto.
β Western & Central Europe β Includes Germany, France, UK, Benelux. Renowned for engineering, machinery, chemicals, and high-tech industries. The Rhine-Ruhr region is a major industrial hub.
β Eastern Europe β Includes Russia, Ukraine, Poland. Strong in heavy industries like steel, machinery, and mining. Katowice (Poland) is known as the βindustrial heartβ due to coal mining and heavy industries. Budapest specializes in pharmaceuticals, electronics, and machinery.
β Eastern Asia β Includes China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan. Known for rapid industrialization, electronics, textiles, shipbuilding. Shanghai is a global financial & commercial hub and Nagoya is a key center for automobile and machinery production.
β Other Notable Industrial Regions
β’ Brazil β Emerging industrial power with strengths in agriculture, mining, and manufacturing.
β’ India β Rapidly industrializing, excelling in IT, pharmaceuticals, and automobiles.
β’ South Africa β Rich in mineral resources, with a focus on mining and related industries.
β Eastern North America β Includes the Great Lakes region (Chicago, Detroit, Pittsburgh), North-Eastern states (New York, Boston), and Southern states (Texas, Louisiana). It is known for iron & steel, automobiles, chemicals, aerospace industries, and major financial & tech hubs like New York, Chicago, and Toronto.
β Western & Central Europe β Includes Germany, France, UK, Benelux. Renowned for engineering, machinery, chemicals, and high-tech industries. The Rhine-Ruhr region is a major industrial hub.
β Eastern Europe β Includes Russia, Ukraine, Poland. Strong in heavy industries like steel, machinery, and mining. Katowice (Poland) is known as the βindustrial heartβ due to coal mining and heavy industries. Budapest specializes in pharmaceuticals, electronics, and machinery.
β Eastern Asia β Includes China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan. Known for rapid industrialization, electronics, textiles, shipbuilding. Shanghai is a global financial & commercial hub and Nagoya is a key center for automobile and machinery production.
β Other Notable Industrial Regions
β’ Brazil β Emerging industrial power with strengths in agriculture, mining, and manufacturing.
β’ India β Rapidly industrializing, excelling in IT, pharmaceuticals, and automobiles.
β’ South Africa β Rich in mineral resources, with a focus on mining and related industries.
π16β€5
Bhavani River:
β It originates in the upper regions of the Nilgiris of Western Ghats.
β It flows across three districts of Tamil Nadu - Nilgiris, Coimbatore and Erode.
β It is a major tributary of the Cauvery River and the second largest river in Tamil Nadu.
β The river confluences with Cauvery at Bhavani after it travels 185 km distance. About 90 per cent of the river water is used for agriculture.
β The drainage basin of this perennial river is spread over an area of 6,200 square kilometers, out of which, eighty seven percent is in Tamil Nadu, nine percent in Kerala and four percent in
The largest tributaries of the Bhavani River are West and East Varagar, which come from the Nilgiris.
β Bhavani Sangameshwarar Temple, situated at the meeting point of Bhavani and Cauvery Rivers, is a prominent pilgrim center.
β The Bhavanisagar dam is constructed on this River which is one of the world's largest earthen dams.
β It originates in the upper regions of the Nilgiris of Western Ghats.
β It flows across three districts of Tamil Nadu - Nilgiris, Coimbatore and Erode.
β It is a major tributary of the Cauvery River and the second largest river in Tamil Nadu.
β The river confluences with Cauvery at Bhavani after it travels 185 km distance. About 90 per cent of the river water is used for agriculture.
β The drainage basin of this perennial river is spread over an area of 6,200 square kilometers, out of which, eighty seven percent is in Tamil Nadu, nine percent in Kerala and four percent in
The largest tributaries of the Bhavani River are West and East Varagar, which come from the Nilgiris.
β Bhavani Sangameshwarar Temple, situated at the meeting point of Bhavani and Cauvery Rivers, is a prominent pilgrim center.
β The Bhavanisagar dam is constructed on this River which is one of the world's largest earthen dams.
π17
π Geographical Highlights
π Minami-Torishima Island (Japan)
β Researchers discovered 230 million tons of minerals, including cobalt and nickel, off a remote island 1,200 miles from Tokyo, Japan.
π Mackenzie River (Canada)
β Canadaβs longest river, spanning 1,738 km from Great Slave Lake, is experiencing historically low water levels.
#Geography
π Minami-Torishima Island (Japan)
β Researchers discovered 230 million tons of minerals, including cobalt and nickel, off a remote island 1,200 miles from Tokyo, Japan.
π Mackenzie River (Canada)
β Canadaβs longest river, spanning 1,738 km from Great Slave Lake, is experiencing historically low water levels.
#Geography
π₯8π4
π Key Facts: New Caledonia & Spainβs Cartagena Port π’
π New Caledonia
β French overseas territory in the South West Pacific Ocean.
β Part of the EUβs Overseas Countries & Territories (OCTs) but not in the EU, Eurozone, or Schengen Area.
β Lagoon & coral reef ecosystem designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
βοΈ Spainβs Cartagena β Port of Call
β Spain denied access to an Israel-bound ship carrying arms at Cartagena Port.
β A port of call is a designated stop for ships during their journey.
π New Caledonia
β French overseas territory in the South West Pacific Ocean.
β Part of the EUβs Overseas Countries & Territories (OCTs) but not in the EU, Eurozone, or Schengen Area.
β Lagoon & coral reef ecosystem designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
βοΈ Spainβs Cartagena β Port of Call
β Spain denied access to an Israel-bound ship carrying arms at Cartagena Port.
β A port of call is a designated stop for ships during their journey.
π8β€5π₯°3
Pir Panjal Range:
β Location: Part of the Lesser Himalayas, spanning India and Pakistan-administered Kashmir.
β States covered: Extends across Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir in India.
πKey Geographic Features:
β Mountain Peaks:
Deo Tibba (6,001 m) and Indrasan (6,221 m) at its eastern end.
β Major Rivers:
πΈSeparates the Beas and Ravi rivers from the Chenab River.
πΈOrigin of tributaries feeding the Jhelum and Indus rivers.
β Strategic Connectivity:
πΈThe Mughal Road links Rajouri and Poonch with Kashmir Valley via the Pir Panjal Pass (3,490 m).
πΈJawahar Tunnel (2.5 km) under the Banihal Pass connects Banihal to Qazigund.
πTourist and Historical Importance:
β Home to Gulmarg, a famous hill resort in Kashmir.
β Historically, Pir Panjal was Kashmirβs ancient trade route with India.
β Location: Part of the Lesser Himalayas, spanning India and Pakistan-administered Kashmir.
β States covered: Extends across Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir in India.
πKey Geographic Features:
β Mountain Peaks:
Deo Tibba (6,001 m) and Indrasan (6,221 m) at its eastern end.
β Major Rivers:
πΈSeparates the Beas and Ravi rivers from the Chenab River.
πΈOrigin of tributaries feeding the Jhelum and Indus rivers.
β Strategic Connectivity:
πΈThe Mughal Road links Rajouri and Poonch with Kashmir Valley via the Pir Panjal Pass (3,490 m).
πΈJawahar Tunnel (2.5 km) under the Banihal Pass connects Banihal to Qazigund.
πTourist and Historical Importance:
β Home to Gulmarg, a famous hill resort in Kashmir.
β Historically, Pir Panjal was Kashmirβs ancient trade route with India.
π9β€3
CSP25 Next 70 day time effect
4 Γ 70 = 280 hrs
6 Γ 70 = 420 hrs
8 Γ 70 = 560 hrs
10 Γ 70 = 700 hrs
12 Γ 70 = 840 hrs
14 Γ 70 = 980 hrs
15 Γ 70 = 1050 hrs
16 Γ 70 = 1120 hrs
17 Γ 70 = 1190 hrs
Your target?
Join @CSE_EXAM
π18β€4
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
CPF2025-E.pdf
761.6 KB
CAPF 2025 Notification
π2β€1
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
State_Service_Preliminary_Examination_2025_Dated_05_03_2025.pdf
1.1 MB
MPPSC prelims result out
β€3
π Lake Natron & Climate Change: A Silent Crisis
π₯ Tanzaniaβs Lake Natronβa unique, alkaline lake vital for flamingo breedingβis under threat! Rising temperatures, reduced rainfall, and human activities are altering its delicate ecosystem.
𦩠Why It Matters?
Home to 75% of the worldβs lesser flamingo population.
Climate change is increasing water evaporation, making the lake even more saline.
Industrial projects pose a risk to biodiversity and local communities.
π₯ Tanzaniaβs Lake Natronβa unique, alkaline lake vital for flamingo breedingβis under threat! Rising temperatures, reduced rainfall, and human activities are altering its delicate ecosystem.
𦩠Why It Matters?
Home to 75% of the worldβs lesser flamingo population.
Climate change is increasing water evaporation, making the lake even more saline.
Industrial projects pose a risk to biodiversity and local communities.
β€4π2π₯1
Lake Tanganyika:
β It is an ancient lake located in East Africa.
β Bordering Countries: Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Tanzania and Zambia.
It is extremely long, deepest and is the longest lake in the world, measuring over 400 miles long.
β It occupies the southern end of the Western Rift Valley, and for most of its length the land rises steeply from its shores.
β It is situated on the line dividing the floral regions of eastern and western Africa. The oil palms, which are characteristic of the flora of western Africa, grow along the lakeβs shores.
β The largest rivers discharging into the lake are the Malagarasi, the Ruzizi, and the
β Its outlet is the Lukuga River, which flows into the Lualaba River.
β Rice and subsistence crops are grown along the shores, and fishing is of some significance.
β It is an ancient lake located in East Africa.
β Bordering Countries: Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Tanzania and Zambia.
It is extremely long, deepest and is the longest lake in the world, measuring over 400 miles long.
β It occupies the southern end of the Western Rift Valley, and for most of its length the land rises steeply from its shores.
β It is situated on the line dividing the floral regions of eastern and western Africa. The oil palms, which are characteristic of the flora of western Africa, grow along the lakeβs shores.
β The largest rivers discharging into the lake are the Malagarasi, the Ruzizi, and the
β Its outlet is the Lukuga River, which flows into the Lualaba River.
β Rice and subsistence crops are grown along the shores, and fishing is of some significance.
π17β€3
πGulf of Eilat:
β It is also known as Gulf of Aqaba which is the northeastern extension of the Red Sea.
β The northern portion of the Red Sea is divided by the Sinai Peninsula into the Gulf of Aqaba in the east and the Gulf of Suez in the west.
β It is located along the southeastern edge of the Sinai Peninsula and to the west of the Arabian Peninsula.
β It forms an integral part of the East African Rift System and was created by seismic activity along the Afro-Syrian Rift.
β The Tiran Strait connects the Gulf of Aqaba with the Red Sea. It also serves as a connecting point between the continents of Asia and Africa.
β It supports unique and diverse aquatic ecosystems and serves as a vital habitat for some of the worldβs richest coral reefs.
β It is bordered by the countries of Israel, Jordan, Egypt and Saudi Arabia.
β Some of the major cities that are situated on the northern end of the Gulf of Aqaba include Taba (Egypt), Eilat (Israel), and Aqaba (Jordan).
β It is also known as Gulf of Aqaba which is the northeastern extension of the Red Sea.
β The northern portion of the Red Sea is divided by the Sinai Peninsula into the Gulf of Aqaba in the east and the Gulf of Suez in the west.
β It is located along the southeastern edge of the Sinai Peninsula and to the west of the Arabian Peninsula.
β It forms an integral part of the East African Rift System and was created by seismic activity along the Afro-Syrian Rift.
β The Tiran Strait connects the Gulf of Aqaba with the Red Sea. It also serves as a connecting point between the continents of Asia and Africa.
β It supports unique and diverse aquatic ecosystems and serves as a vital habitat for some of the worldβs richest coral reefs.
β It is bordered by the countries of Israel, Jordan, Egypt and Saudi Arabia.
β Some of the major cities that are situated on the northern end of the Gulf of Aqaba include Taba (Egypt), Eilat (Israel), and Aqaba (Jordan).
π19β€5
πAnamudi Shola National Park:
β It is located in the Western Ghats region of the Kerala.
β It is surrounded by Eravikulam National park, Pampadum Shola National park, Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary and Mathikettan Shola Park.
β Its tallest peak is Anamudi.
πVegetation:
β It consists of southern subtropical hill forests, southern montane wet temperate forests and moist deciduous forests.
β The unique thing in the dense shola woods that houses a dense patch of stunted trees will be the luxurious presence of lichen, mosses, and climbers.
β Flora:The place is home to around 174 species of herbs and shrubs, 62 species of trees and around 40 species of climbers of which quite a few of them are endemic..
β Fauna: It is home to Leopards, civet cats, wolves, Indian bison, wild boars, elephants, tigers, Panther, and sloth bears etc.
#National_park_series
#Tiger_Reserve_series
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β It is located in the Western Ghats region of the Kerala.
β It is surrounded by Eravikulam National park, Pampadum Shola National park, Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary and Mathikettan Shola Park.
β Its tallest peak is Anamudi.
πVegetation:
β It consists of southern subtropical hill forests, southern montane wet temperate forests and moist deciduous forests.
β The unique thing in the dense shola woods that houses a dense patch of stunted trees will be the luxurious presence of lichen, mosses, and climbers.
β Flora:The place is home to around 174 species of herbs and shrubs, 62 species of trees and around 40 species of climbers of which quite a few of them are endemic..
β Fauna: It is home to Leopards, civet cats, wolves, Indian bison, wild boars, elephants, tigers, Panther, and sloth bears etc.
#National_park_series
#Tiger_Reserve_series
#Places_in_news
Join @mapping_prelims_mains
@upsc_4_environment
π15