State-Wise List of #GI_Tags in India

•Jammu and Kashmir

Kani Shawl
Kashmir Pashmina
Kashmir Paper Machie
Kashmir Walnut Wood Carving 
Khatamband
Kashmiri Hand Knotted Carpet
Saffron (Mongra, Lachha, Guchhi)

•Jharkhand-Sohrai – Khovar Painting

•Karnataka

Mysore Silk
Bidriware
Channapatna Toys & Dolls
Mysore Rosewood Inlay
Kasuti Embroidery
Mysore Traditional Paintings
Ilkal Sarees
Ganjifa Cards of Mysore
Navalgund Durries 
Karnataka Bronzeware
Sandur Lambani Embroidery
Kinhal Toys
Udupi Sarees
Mysore Silk (Logo)
Coorg Orange
Mysore Betel leaf
Nanjangud Banana
Udupi Mallige
Mysore Mallige
Hadagali Mallige
Coorg Green Cardamom
Devanahalli Pomelo
Appemidi Mango
Kamalapur Red Banana
Bangalore Blue Grapes
Coorg Arabica Coffee
Chikmagalur Arabica Coffee
Bababudangiri Arabica Coffee
Sirsi Supari
Gulbarga Tur Dal  
Dharwad Pedha
Mysore Agarbathi
Mysore Sandalwood Oil
Mysore Sandal soap

•Kerala

Tirur Betel Leaf (Tirur Vettila) 
Alleppey Coir
Navara Rice 
Palakkadan Matta Rice
Alleppey Green Cardamom
Maddalam of Palakkad
Screw Pine Craft of Kerala
Brass Broidered Coconut Shell Crafts of Kerala
Pokkali Rice 
Vazhakulam Pineapple
Cannanore Home Furnishings
Balaramapuram Sarees and Fine Cotton Fabrics
Kasaragod Sarees
Kuthampully Sarees
Central Travancore Jaggery
Wayanad Jeerakasala Rice A
Wayanad Gandhakasala Rice
Payyannur Pavithra Ring
Chendamangalam Dhoties & Set Mundu
Kaipad Rice 
Chengalikodan Nendran Banana
Kuthampully Dhoties & Set Mundu
Maddalam of Palakkad (Logo)
Brass Broidered Coconut Shell Craft of Kerala (Logo)
Screw Pine Craft of Kerala (Logo
Nilambur Teak
Wayanad Robusta Coffee
Marayoor Jaggery (Marayoor Sharkara)

#Pre_facts
#Early_morning_revision

State-Wise List of #GI_Tags in India

•Madhya Pradesh

Chanderi Sarees
Leather Toys of Indore 
Bagh Prints of Madhya Pradesh
Bell Metal Ware of Datia and Tikamgarh
Maheshwar Sarees & Fabrics
Bell Metal Ware of Datia and Tikamgarh (Logo) 
Leather Toys of Indore (Logo)
Ratlami Sev
Jhabua Kadaknath Black Chicken Meat

•Maharashtra

Solapur Chaddar
Solapur Terry Towel
Puneri Pagadi
Nashik Valley Wine
Paithani Sarees and Fabrics
Mahabaleshwar Strawberry
Nashik Grapes
Kolhapur Jaggery
Ajara Ghansal Rice
Mangalwedha Jowar
Sindhudurg & Ratnagiri Kokum
Waghya Ghevada
Navapur Tur Dal
Vengurla Cashew
Lasalgaon Onion
Sangli Raisins
Beed Custard Apple
Jalna Sweet Orange
Waigaon Turmeric
Purandar Fig
Jalgaon Bharit Brinjal
Solapur Pomegranate
Bhiwapur Chil
Ambemohar Rice
Dahanu Gholvad Chikoo
Jalgaon Banana
Marathwada Kesar Mango
Karvath Kati Sarees & Fabrics
Alphonso
Sangli Turmeric

•Manipur

Shaphee Lanphee
Wangkhei Phee
Moirang Phee
Kachai Lemon
Chak-Hao

•Meghalaya

Khasi Mandarin
Memong Narang

•Mizoram

Mizo Chilli
Pawndum
Ngotekherh
Hmaram
Tawlhlohpuan
Mizo Puanchei

•Nagaland

Naga Mircha
Naga Tree Tomato
Chakhesang Shawl

•Odisha

Kotpad Handloom fabric
 Orissa Ikat 
Konark Stone carving
Orissa Pattachitra
Pipli Applique Work
Khandua Saree and Fabrics
Gopalpur Tussar Fabrics
Ganjam Kewda Rooh
Ganjam Kewda Flower
Dhalapathar Parda & Fabrics 
Sambalpuri Bandha Saree & Fabrics
Bomkai Saree & Fabrics
Habaspuri Saree & Fabrics 
Berhampur Patta (Phoda Kumbha) Saree & Joda
Orissa Pattachitra (Logo)
Kandhamal Haladi
Odisha Rasagola

#Pre_facts
#Early_morning_revision

State-Wise List of #GI_Tags in India

•Rajasthan

Kota Doria
Blue Pottery of Jaipur
Molela Clay Work
Kathputlis of Rajasthan
Bikaneri Bhujia
Kota Doria (Logo)
Bagru Hand Block Print
Thewa Art Work
Makrana Marble
Molela Clay Work of Rajasthan (Logo)
Blue Pottery of Jaipur (Logo)
Kathputlis of Rajasthan (Logo)
Pokaran Pottery

•Tamil Nadu

Salem Fabric
Kancheepuram Silk 
Madurai Sungudi
Coimbatore Wet Grinder
Thanjavur Paintings
Temple Jewellery of Nagercoil
Thanjavur Art Plate
East India Leather
Salem Silk known as Salem Venpattu
Kovai Kora Cotton Sarees
Arani Silk
Swamimalai Bronze Icons
Eathamozhi Tall Coconut
Thanjavur Doll
Nilgiri (Orthodox)
Virupakshi Hill Banana
Sirumalai Hill Banana
Madurai Malli
Pattamadai Pai (“Pattamadai Mat”) 
Nachiarkoil Kuthuvilakku (“Nachiarkoil Lamp”)
Chettinad Kottan
Toda Embroidery
Thanjavur Veenai
Thanjavur Art Plate (Logo)
Swamimalai Bronze Icons (Logo
Temple Jewellery of Nagercoil (Logo)
Mahabalipuram Stone Sculpture 
Erode Manjal (Erode Turmeric)
Thirubuvanam Silk Sarees
Kodaikanal Malai Poondu
Palani Panchamirtham
Dindigul Locks
Kandangi Saree
Srivilliputtur Palkova
Kovilpatti Kadalai Mittai
Thanjavur Pith Works
Arumbavur Wood Carvings

•Tripura-Tripura Queen Pineapple

•Telangana

Pochampally Ikat
Silver Filigree of Karimnagar
Nirmal Toys and Craft
Nirmal Furniture
Nirmal Paintings
Gadwal Sarees
Hyderabad Haleem
Cheriyal Paintings
Siddipet Gollabhama
Narayanpet Handloom Sarees
Pochampally Ikat (Logo)
Adilabad Dokra
Warangal Durries
Telia Rumal

•Uttar Pradesh

Allahabad Surkha Guava 
Lucknow Chikan Craft 
Malihabadi Dusseheri mango
Banaras Brocades and Sarees
Hand Made Carpet of Bhadohi
Agra Durrie 
Farrukhabad Prints 
Lucknow Zardozi 
Banaras Brocades and Sarees (Logo) 
Kalanamak Rice
Firozabad Glass 
Kannauj Perfume 
Kanpur Saddlery 
Moradabad Metal Craft
Saharanpur Wood Craft
Meerut Scissors 
Khurja Pottery 
Banaras Gulabi Meenakari Craft 
Varanasi Wooden Lacquerware & Toys 
Mirzapur Handmade Dari
Nizamabad Black Pottery
Banaras Métal Repoussé Craft
Varanasi Glass beads 
Ghazipur Wall Hanging 
Varanasi Soft Stone Jali Work 
Chunar Balua Patthar 
Gorakhpur Terracotta

•West Bengal

Darjeeling Tea (word & logo)
Nakshi Kantha
Santiniketan Leather Goods
Malda Laxman Bhog Mango
Khirsapati (Himsagar) mangoes
Malda Fazli Mango
Santipur Saree
Baluchari Saree
Dhaniakhali Saree
Joynagar Moa
Bardhaman Sitabhog
Bardhaman Mihidana
Gobindobhog Rice
Tulaipanji Rice
Banglar Rasogolla 
Bankura Panchmura Terracotta Craft 
Bengal Patachitra
Purulia Chhau Mask
Wooden Mask of Kushmandi
Madur kathi

#Pre_facts
#Early_morning_revision

#Folk Culture 

•Jharkhand-Faguwa Nritya, Turi Nritya, Faguwa Nritya, Turi Nritya, Paika Nritya, Hodopathy, Tribal dance (Karam Nritya)

•Bihar- “Reshma Chuharmal”, “Bihula Bishari” (Purnia), “Naradi”, Bidesia, Godana Painting, “Hirni-Birni”, Panwaria, Domkach & Sohar Khilona folk dance, Domkach folk dance, Jharni & Jhinjhia folk dance, Drupad Dhamar, Godna Geet, Sikki Kala, Tikuli Art and Madhubani Painting

•Kerala- Poorakali, Malayankettu & Kannerpattu,Daffumuttu , Kanyarkali and Arabanaumuttu

Source:https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1704890

#Pre_facts
#Early_morning_revision

#Books_and_authors in Ancient India 

•Mudrarakshasa-Visakdatta

•Rajtarangini-Kalhana

•Kathasaritsagar-Somdeva

•Kamasutra-Vatsayana

•Prashnottarmalika-Amoghvarsh

•Swapanvasdattam-Bhasa

•Buddha charita-Ashvaghaosh

•Natyashastra-Bharata

•Amarkosa-Amarsimha

•Panch tantra- Vishnu Sharma

•Nitisar-Kamndaka

•Aihole Prasasti-Ravikirti

•Indica-Megasthenes

•Arthasastra-Kautilya

•Charaka Samhita-Charaka

•Lilawati-Bhaskara II

•Gathasaptashati-Hala

•Astadhyayi-Panini

•Mahabhasya-Patanjali

•Naishadhacharitra-Shri Harsha

•Mrichhakatika-Shudraka

•Gitagovinda-Jaydev

•Navratna-Virsen

•Kalidas-Abhigyan Shakuntala,
Vikramorvashi,Raghuvansan

•Aryabhatta-Surya Sidhanta ,Aryabhattiya

•Varahmihira-Panchsidhantika, Brihat Samhita

•Harshvardhan-Kadambari,
Nagananda,Ratnavali

#Pre_facts
#Early_morning_revision

#Ancient_court_Poets
#Pre_facts
#Early_morning_revision

Sociology optional UPSC Group (Nishat Sir)
Manifesto :

🏵️share & discuss current affairs relevant to Sociology from sources like TheHindu, Indian Express, LiveMint and EPW
🏵️Socio-Shots (concept booster) will be shared every Sunday.

Visit www.LevelupIAS.com for more details.
https://www.tg-me.com/SociologyLevelupIAS

#HISTORY_IMPORTAN_TERMS

•Naditarna– another name for River Saraswati, called the best of the rivers in the Rig Veda.

•Panchjana- Aryans were divided into 5 tribes called Panchjana

•Gavisthi – Term for war/search for cows in Rig Veda

•Ayas– terms used for metals

•Vrajapati– when the units settled after wars, the Gramini became head of the village,with course of time he came to be identified as Vrajapati.

•Vis– the clan
Vispati– head of the clan

•Purcharishnu– moving fort made for fighting a war

•Kshira- pakamodanam– grain cooked with milk

•Aghanya– used for cow,meaning ‘not to be killed’

•Shatapatha Brahman- text talks about ploughing ritual

•Vrihi– rice in Vedic texts

•Sangrihitri – officer for collection of taxes and tributes

•Goghna– guest or someone who was fed on cattle

•Yajmana– one who performed Yajna

•Mahishi – the queen

•Kshata– gateman/chamberlain

•Govikarta – head of forest department

•Palagala- friend of king – mnemonics- Kings Pal

•Akshavapa– courier

•Bhagadudha – collector of taxes

•Sangrahitri– treasurer

#Pre_facts
#Early_morning_revision

#HISTORY_IMPORTAN_TERMS

•Ekarat– title of Mahapadma Nanda- the sole soveregin who destroyed all other ruling princes

•Vessas– merchant streets

•Nishka/Satmana– coins/prestige objects made of metals

•Bhojaka– village headmen

•Gahaptis– rich peasants

•Mahamatras– higher officials in the court

•Balisadhakas– officers appointed to collect compulsory payments- earlier voluntary payments were called Bali.

•Shaulkika/Shulkadhyaksha– toll officers who collected customs from traders

•Bherighosha– policy of physical occupation

•Dhammaghosha– policy of cultural conquest

•Sangiti – Buddhist council

•Bhaga– royal share of the produce

•Dharmapravartaka – King/ promulgator of the social order

•Tirthas– important functionaries in the administration

•Pana – silver coin equal to 3/4 th of a tola

•Adhyakshas– 27 Mauryan superintendents mostly to regulate the economic activities of the state

•Sannidhata– chief custodian of the state treasury and store house

•Dushtamatyas- wicked bureaucrats

•Strategos– military governors- system introduced by Greeks

•Avadanas – texts composed during progress of Mahayana Buddhism

#Pre_facts
#Early_morning_revision

Salient Features of Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

The Act provides for the protection of a listed species of animals, birds, and plants, and also for the establishment of a network of ecologically-important protected areas in the country.

The Act provides for the formation of wildlife advisory boards, wildlife wardens, specifies their powers and duties, etc.

The Act prohibited the hunting of endangered species.

The Act provides for licenses for the sale, transfer, and possession of some wildlife species.

Its provisions paved the way for the formation of the Central Zoo Authority. This is the central body responsible for the oversight of zoos in India.

√It was established in 1992.

The Act created six schedules which gave varying degrees of protection to classes of flora and fauna.

√Schedule I and Schedule II (Part II) get absolute protection, and offences under these schedules attract the maximum penalties.

√The schedules also include species that may be hunted.

The National Board for Wildlife was constituted as a statutory organization under the provisions of this Act.

√It is chaired by the Prime Minister.

√This is an advisory board that offers advice to the central government on issues of wildlife conservation in India.

√It is also the apex body to review and approve all matters related to wildlife, projects of national parks, sanctuaries, etc.

√The chief function of the Board is to promote the conservation and development of wildlife and forests

#Pre_Prespective

#Important officers and their role in the Maurya Empire

Sannidhata – Treasurer and keeper of the stores in Maurya Period. He was in charge of the collection of revenue from various parts of the kingdom and looked after the income and expenditure by supervising the works of akshapataladhyaksha (Accountant-General)

Samharta– His function was to collect Revenue both in cash and kind.

Amatyas–They were some sort of administrative personnel or civil servants who filled the highest administrative and judicial appointments.

Rajukas–Ashoka appointed a class of officers known as the Rajukas, who were vested with the authority of rewarding as well we punishing people.

Adhyaksas-­ The officers who looked after the various departments.

Yuktas- They appear to have been the subordinate official whose duties were largely secretarial works and accounting.

Gopa and Sthanika- There was an intermediate level of administration between the district level and village level, which was administered by the Gopa and Sthanikas.

Gramika- Head of the village. He was not a paid servant and was chosen among village elders.

Grambhojaka- Gramika was helped by Grambhojaka.

Pramukha- Eighteen chief handicrafts of the time were organised in guilds called as Shrenis, the president of Shrenis was known as Pramukha.

#Pre_facts
#Early_morning_revision

#Important officers of the Gupta empire

Uparika- He was directly appointed by the king as a provincial governor.

Kumaramatyas- A link between the central and the provincial administration under the Guptas was provided by the officers called Kumaramatyas and Ayuktas. Kumaramatyas was a body of top-ranking officials attached not only to the king but also to the crown-prince and sometimes placed in charge of district.

Gopasramin- In Samudraguptas period an officer working as akshapataladhikrita. Their function was to enter numerous matters in the accounts register, recover royal dues and to check embezzlement and recover fines.

Sandhivigrahika-The foreign minister, minister of war and peace. First appeared under the rule of Samudragupta.

Mahabaldikarta-Commander-in-Chief.

Mahadandanayaka-

Mahapratihara- Chief of palace guards.

Pustapala- Record-keeper. Maintained record of land transactions in a district. They were also known as Karanika.

Vishaya- Vishayas were divided into smaller parts called Vithis which were the villages and consisted of the lowest unit of administration.

Mahattama,Mahattaka and Mahattara- Elder who assisted the Gramika in the village administration.

Agharikas- During the reign of Harsha, Agharikas looked after the land given in charity.

Samantas- Feudal chiefs

#Pre_facts
#Early_morning_revision

#Indus_River

•It flows in north-west direction from its source (Glaciers of Kailas Range – Kailash range in Tibet near Lake Manasarovar) till the Nanga Parbhat Range.

•It’s length is about 2,900 km. Its total drainage area is about 1,165,000 square km [more than half of it lies in semiarid plains of Pakistan]. It is joined by Dhar River near Indo-China border.

•After entering J&K it flows between the Ladakh and the Zaskar Ranges. It flows through the regions of Ladakh, Baltistan and Gilgit.

•The gradient of the river in J&K is very gentle (about 30 cm per km).

•Average elevation at which the Indus flows through JK is about 4000 m above sea level.

•It is joined by the Zaskar River at Leh (these kind of points are important for prelims).

•Near Skardu, it is joined by the Shyok at an elevation of about 2,700 m.

•The Gilgit, Gartang, Dras, Shiger, Hunza are the other Himalayan tributaries of the Indus.

•It crosses the Himalayas (ends its mountainous journey) through a 5181 m deep gorge near Attock, lying north of the Nanga Parbat. It takes a sharp southerly bend here (syntaxial bend).

•Kabul river from Afghanistan joins Indus near Attock. Thereafter it flows through the Potwar plateau and crosses the Salt Range (South Eastern edge of Potwar Plateau).

•Some of the important tributaries below Attock include the Kurram, Toch and the Zhob-Gomal.

•Just above Mithankot, the Indus receives from Panjnad (Panchnad), the accumulated waters of the five eastern tributaries—the Jhelum, the Chenab, the Ravi, the Beas and the Satluj.

•The river empties into the Arabian Sea south of Karachi after forming a huge delta.

#Pre_facts