Due to some unavoidable reasons there was discontinuance in #Pre_Revision series, we will continue from tomorrow. Make sure that u will utilize this time for mains studies. #PlusIAS will help u in prelims revision.
#Imp_Committees in news
Nilesh Shah Committee--To suggest ways for promoting Investment Funds
Bimal Jalan Committee --Surplus Distribution Policy
G V Ramakrishna Committee-- Disinvestment policy
Tarapore Committee--Capital Account Convertibility
Urjit Patel Committee--Monetary Policy Committee
M Rajeshwar Rao--Regulations Review Authority (RRA 2.0)
Sudarshan Sen--Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARC)
Shyamala Gopinath--Panel to Evaluate Bank Applications
N. S. Vishwanathan--Expert Committee on Urban co-op Banks by RBI
Sriram Vedire--Task force on river-linking
RS Sharma--COVID-19 vaccine administration
R P Tiwari--Panel to work out CET
Ayant Kumar Dash--digital lending as frauds come into sharp focus
Bharati CEO to Head Shashi S. Vempati--Committee to review the guidelines on television rating agencies in India
P K Mohanty--large NBFCs into banks
Aurn Goel--Capital Goods (CG) Sector through interventions that help the CG Sector
M.S. Ananth--All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)
Justice Madan B Lokur--Prevent stubble burning
Madhabi Puri Buch--Recommending Policy on Market Data Access
PM Modi--400th birth anniversary of Shri Guru Tegh Bahadur
Rajesh Verma--Government gives one-year extension to Company Law Committee
Rajesh Pant--National Cyber Security Coordinator to study the revelations in China Watching
Former CAG Rajiv Mehrishi-- Assessment of relief to bank borrower
Ms Sanyukta Samaddar--NITI Aayog preparing Multidimensional Poverty index
KV Kamath--Setting Parameters for Loan Restructuring
Pradip Shah--Plan to develop international retail business
G K Pillai.--Fix ceiling rates under duty reimbursement scheme for exporters
Captain S S Chahar--Kozhikode plane crash
Ramesh Chand--Sugarcane Prices to Sugar Rate
Rajesh Verma--Business Responsibility Reporting (BRR)
Anil Kumar Jha--Violation of environment rules.
Prof. Deepak.B. Phatak--Analysis of QR (Quick Response) Code’
Professor R. Narayanaswamy-- National Financial Reporting Authority
Usha Thorat--Sebi rejigs advisory
Suresh Mathur--Pandemic Risk Pool’
K S Reddy--Human rights and future response of the government.
G. Srinivasan--Find space for selling Surety Bonds
Ranbir Singh--National level committee for reform in criminal law
#Pre_Revision
Nilesh Shah Committee--To suggest ways for promoting Investment Funds
Bimal Jalan Committee --Surplus Distribution Policy
G V Ramakrishna Committee-- Disinvestment policy
Tarapore Committee--Capital Account Convertibility
Urjit Patel Committee--Monetary Policy Committee
M Rajeshwar Rao--Regulations Review Authority (RRA 2.0)
Sudarshan Sen--Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARC)
Shyamala Gopinath--Panel to Evaluate Bank Applications
N. S. Vishwanathan--Expert Committee on Urban co-op Banks by RBI
Sriram Vedire--Task force on river-linking
RS Sharma--COVID-19 vaccine administration
R P Tiwari--Panel to work out CET
Ayant Kumar Dash--digital lending as frauds come into sharp focus
Bharati CEO to Head Shashi S. Vempati--Committee to review the guidelines on television rating agencies in India
P K Mohanty--large NBFCs into banks
Aurn Goel--Capital Goods (CG) Sector through interventions that help the CG Sector
M.S. Ananth--All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)
Justice Madan B Lokur--Prevent stubble burning
Madhabi Puri Buch--Recommending Policy on Market Data Access
PM Modi--400th birth anniversary of Shri Guru Tegh Bahadur
Rajesh Verma--Government gives one-year extension to Company Law Committee
Rajesh Pant--National Cyber Security Coordinator to study the revelations in China Watching
Former CAG Rajiv Mehrishi-- Assessment of relief to bank borrower
Ms Sanyukta Samaddar--NITI Aayog preparing Multidimensional Poverty index
KV Kamath--Setting Parameters for Loan Restructuring
Pradip Shah--Plan to develop international retail business
G K Pillai.--Fix ceiling rates under duty reimbursement scheme for exporters
Captain S S Chahar--Kozhikode plane crash
Ramesh Chand--Sugarcane Prices to Sugar Rate
Rajesh Verma--Business Responsibility Reporting (BRR)
Anil Kumar Jha--Violation of environment rules.
Prof. Deepak.B. Phatak--Analysis of QR (Quick Response) Code’
Professor R. Narayanaswamy-- National Financial Reporting Authority
Usha Thorat--Sebi rejigs advisory
Suresh Mathur--Pandemic Risk Pool’
K S Reddy--Human rights and future response of the government.
G. Srinivasan--Find space for selling Surety Bonds
Ranbir Singh--National level committee for reform in criminal law
#Pre_Revision
#One_Stop_Centre
Centrally Sponsored scheme aka Sakhi, Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD)
The OSC will support all women including girls below 18 years of age affected by violence, irrespective of caste, class, religion, region, sexual orientation or marital status.
Funded through Nirbhaya Fund. The Central Government will provide 100% financial assistance
It is a subscheme of umbrella scheme for National Mission for Empowerment of Women including Indira Gandhi Mattritav Sahyaog Yojana.
#BioHub_Initiative
It is an initiative of World Health Organization (WHO) to enhance the rapid sharing of viruses and other pathogens between laboratories and partners globally.
The first WHO BioHub Facility will be established in Spiez, Switzerland.
#African_Violets
The newly-described species, Didymocarpus vickifunkiae is currently known from only three locations near the north-eastern State’s border with Myanmar and is considered an endangered species.
It is an epiphyte — a plant that grows on trees — and produces light pink flowers during the monsoons.
Commonly known as African violets, Didymocarpus is a genus belonging to the plant family Gesneriaceae whose members are distributed in Asia from Western Himalayas to Sumatra.
Most of these species are narrow endemics and require specialised habitats to survive, thus acting as an indicator of pristine habitats.
There are 106 currently known species of this genus, of which 26 are in the northeast.
African violets, native to Tanzania and Kenya have been popular in the horticultural world, often used indoors in European countries.
Scientists from the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal found the variant of the African violets in Mizoram recently.
It is for the first time an ‘African’ flowering plant has been recorded scientifically in India.
#Paediatric_inflammatory_multisystem_syndrome (PIMS-TS):
Aka multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), is a rare condition associated with SARS-CoV-2
Causes not known yet, but it is thought to be a rare immune overreaction that occurs approximately four to six weeks after mild or asymptomatic
SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Symptoms of the condition include fever, rash, eye infection, and gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g. diarrhoea, stomach-ache, nausea). In some rare cases, the condition can lead to multi-organ failure
#Pre_Revision
Centrally Sponsored scheme aka Sakhi, Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD)
The OSC will support all women including girls below 18 years of age affected by violence, irrespective of caste, class, religion, region, sexual orientation or marital status.
Funded through Nirbhaya Fund. The Central Government will provide 100% financial assistance
It is a subscheme of umbrella scheme for National Mission for Empowerment of Women including Indira Gandhi Mattritav Sahyaog Yojana.
#BioHub_Initiative
It is an initiative of World Health Organization (WHO) to enhance the rapid sharing of viruses and other pathogens between laboratories and partners globally.
The first WHO BioHub Facility will be established in Spiez, Switzerland.
#African_Violets
The newly-described species, Didymocarpus vickifunkiae is currently known from only three locations near the north-eastern State’s border with Myanmar and is considered an endangered species.
It is an epiphyte — a plant that grows on trees — and produces light pink flowers during the monsoons.
Commonly known as African violets, Didymocarpus is a genus belonging to the plant family Gesneriaceae whose members are distributed in Asia from Western Himalayas to Sumatra.
Most of these species are narrow endemics and require specialised habitats to survive, thus acting as an indicator of pristine habitats.
There are 106 currently known species of this genus, of which 26 are in the northeast.
African violets, native to Tanzania and Kenya have been popular in the horticultural world, often used indoors in European countries.
Scientists from the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal found the variant of the African violets in Mizoram recently.
It is for the first time an ‘African’ flowering plant has been recorded scientifically in India.
#Paediatric_inflammatory_multisystem_syndrome (PIMS-TS):
Aka multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), is a rare condition associated with SARS-CoV-2
Causes not known yet, but it is thought to be a rare immune overreaction that occurs approximately four to six weeks after mild or asymptomatic
SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Symptoms of the condition include fever, rash, eye infection, and gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g. diarrhoea, stomach-ache, nausea). In some rare cases, the condition can lead to multi-organ failure
#Pre_Revision
#National_Mission_on_use_of_Biomass in coal based thermal power plants--Ministry of Power
It would address the issue of air pollution due to farm stubble burning and would reduce carbon footprints of thermal power generation.
objectives:
To increase the level of co-firing from present 5% to higher levels to have a larger share of carbon neutral power generation from the thermal power plants.
To take up R&D activity in boiler design to handle the higher amount of silica, alkalis in the biomass pellets.
To facilitate overcoming the constraints in supply chain of bio mass pellets and agro- residue and its transport upto to the power plants.
To consider regulatory issues in biomass co-firing.
#White_flies
Whiteflies are tiny, sap-sucking insects that may become abundant in vegetable and ornamental plantings, especially during warm weather.
They excrete sticky honeydew and cause yellowing or death of leaves.
The host range of all of the invasive whiteflies has been increasing due to their polyphagous nature (ability to feed on various kinds of food) and prolific breeding.
Whiteflies have been difficult to control by using available synthetic insecticides.
They are currently being controlled by naturally occurring insect predators, parasitoids (natural enemies of pests, provide biological control of pests in greenhouses and crop fields) and entomopathogenic fungi (fungi that can kill insects).
Entomopathogenic fungi specific to whiteflies are isolated, purified, grown in the lab or mass-produced and applied into the whitefly infested field in combination with the release of lab-reared potential predators and parasitoids
#Buddha_Purnima--aka Vesak
To mark the birth of Gautam Buddha
In 1999, it became a UN-designated day.
It is considered a 'triple-blessed day' - as Tathagata Gautam Buddha's birth, enlightenment, and Maha Parnirvana
#Pre_Revision
It would address the issue of air pollution due to farm stubble burning and would reduce carbon footprints of thermal power generation.
objectives:
To increase the level of co-firing from present 5% to higher levels to have a larger share of carbon neutral power generation from the thermal power plants.
To take up R&D activity in boiler design to handle the higher amount of silica, alkalis in the biomass pellets.
To facilitate overcoming the constraints in supply chain of bio mass pellets and agro- residue and its transport upto to the power plants.
To consider regulatory issues in biomass co-firing.
#White_flies
Whiteflies are tiny, sap-sucking insects that may become abundant in vegetable and ornamental plantings, especially during warm weather.
They excrete sticky honeydew and cause yellowing or death of leaves.
The host range of all of the invasive whiteflies has been increasing due to their polyphagous nature (ability to feed on various kinds of food) and prolific breeding.
Whiteflies have been difficult to control by using available synthetic insecticides.
They are currently being controlled by naturally occurring insect predators, parasitoids (natural enemies of pests, provide biological control of pests in greenhouses and crop fields) and entomopathogenic fungi (fungi that can kill insects).
Entomopathogenic fungi specific to whiteflies are isolated, purified, grown in the lab or mass-produced and applied into the whitefly infested field in combination with the release of lab-reared potential predators and parasitoids
#Buddha_Purnima--aka Vesak
To mark the birth of Gautam Buddha
In 1999, it became a UN-designated day.
It is considered a 'triple-blessed day' - as Tathagata Gautam Buddha's birth, enlightenment, and Maha Parnirvana
#Pre_Revision
#Sun_Halo_aka_Kaleidocope_Effect
The phenomenon popularly known as the 22 degree circular halo of the sun or occasionally the Moon (aka moon ring or winter halo), occurs when the sun’s or moon’s rays get deflected/refracted through the hexagonal ice crystals present in cirrus clouds.
Circular halos specifically are produced by cirrus clouds, which are thin, detached, hair-like clouds. These clouds are formed very high up in the atmosphere, at a height of over 20,000 feet.
The crystals have to be oriented and positioned just so with respect to your eye, in order for the halo to appear.
The halo is the brightest at the inner edge of the circular disk, with no light inside the disk as no light is refracted at smaller angles.
Red light is refracted less than other colours of light, so the halo’s inner edge is reddish. Other shades typically tend to overlap and wash out.
#Lunar_halos--Seen around the Moon, lunar halos are mostly colourless as moonlight is not very bright
#Supermoon
A supermoon occurs when the Moon’s orbit is closest to the Earth at the same time that the Moon is full.
In a typical year, there may be two to four full supermoons and two to four new supermoons in a row.
#Lunar_Eclipse
Lunar eclipse takes place when the Moon moves into the Earth’s shadow. The Earth has to be directly between the Sun and the Moon, and a lunar eclipse can only take place during a full Moon.
#Total_Lunar_Eclipse
During this, the whole of the lunar disc enters the Earth’s umbra, so the Moon appears reddish (Blood Moon). This won’t last forever, though.
After about 14 minutes, the Moon will move out of Earth’s umbra and back into its penumbra. In total, the lunar eclipse will last a few hours.
#Total_Solar_Eclipse
Total solar eclipses occur when the New Moon comes between the Sun and Earth and casts the darkest part of its shadow, the umbra, on Earth. A full solar eclipse, known as totality, is almost as dark as night.
#Pre_Revision
The phenomenon popularly known as the 22 degree circular halo of the sun or occasionally the Moon (aka moon ring or winter halo), occurs when the sun’s or moon’s rays get deflected/refracted through the hexagonal ice crystals present in cirrus clouds.
Circular halos specifically are produced by cirrus clouds, which are thin, detached, hair-like clouds. These clouds are formed very high up in the atmosphere, at a height of over 20,000 feet.
The crystals have to be oriented and positioned just so with respect to your eye, in order for the halo to appear.
The halo is the brightest at the inner edge of the circular disk, with no light inside the disk as no light is refracted at smaller angles.
Red light is refracted less than other colours of light, so the halo’s inner edge is reddish. Other shades typically tend to overlap and wash out.
#Lunar_halos--Seen around the Moon, lunar halos are mostly colourless as moonlight is not very bright
#Supermoon
A supermoon occurs when the Moon’s orbit is closest to the Earth at the same time that the Moon is full.
In a typical year, there may be two to four full supermoons and two to four new supermoons in a row.
#Lunar_Eclipse
Lunar eclipse takes place when the Moon moves into the Earth’s shadow. The Earth has to be directly between the Sun and the Moon, and a lunar eclipse can only take place during a full Moon.
#Total_Lunar_Eclipse
During this, the whole of the lunar disc enters the Earth’s umbra, so the Moon appears reddish (Blood Moon). This won’t last forever, though.
After about 14 minutes, the Moon will move out of Earth’s umbra and back into its penumbra. In total, the lunar eclipse will last a few hours.
#Total_Solar_Eclipse
Total solar eclipses occur when the New Moon comes between the Sun and Earth and casts the darkest part of its shadow, the umbra, on Earth. A full solar eclipse, known as totality, is almost as dark as night.
#Pre_Revision
#Bubble_Curtain_Technology
A bubble curtain is a system that produces bubbles in a deliberate arrangement in water, it is also called pneumatic barrier.
The technique is based on bubbles of air (gas) being let out under the water surface, commonly on the bottom.
When the bubbles rise they act as a barrier, a curtain, breaking the propagation of waves or the spreading of particles and other contaminants.
This technology is being used for the first time in India to stop plastic from entering the river Yamuna.
It is a non-invasive solution to stop plastic from entering the oceans, Ships and fish can pass through the air bubbles but plastics will be stopped
The bubble screen is created by a specially designed air tube which is placed diagonally on the bed of the canal or river.
It brings waste to the surface channels the plastics onto the banks where it can be extracted.
#Dissolved_Organic_Matter (DOM)
The dissolved organic matter is the largest reservoir of organic carbon in the aquatic environment.
It can be greatly influenced by land use, which can ramp up or diminish organic matter loads to waterways.
The forested lands can contribute more DOM than agricultural lands, but the nutrients bound in the material can be less bio-available than those from farm fields.
The organic matter in waterways can be viewed as a mixture of things living and dead, including plant, microbial and animal products at various stages of decomposition.
CDOM is interchangeably known as chromophoric dissolved organic matter or coloured dissolved organic matter.
The CDOM cover the parameter that can be measured in aquatic environments as a product of decaying material.
CDOM is largely a subset of DOM, or dissolved organic matter.
The decay releases organic substances, also called tannins that stain waters and can have effects on light absorption and other aspects of water quality.
CDOM is closely related to fDOM or fluorescent dissolved organic matter, as fDOM refers to the fraction of CDOM that fluoresces.
CDOM contributes to light absorption and may also help fuel bacterial respiration because of the large quantities of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus that it carries
The CDOM can have effects on all aquatic life in a water body.
#Pre_Revision
A bubble curtain is a system that produces bubbles in a deliberate arrangement in water, it is also called pneumatic barrier.
The technique is based on bubbles of air (gas) being let out under the water surface, commonly on the bottom.
When the bubbles rise they act as a barrier, a curtain, breaking the propagation of waves or the spreading of particles and other contaminants.
This technology is being used for the first time in India to stop plastic from entering the river Yamuna.
It is a non-invasive solution to stop plastic from entering the oceans, Ships and fish can pass through the air bubbles but plastics will be stopped
The bubble screen is created by a specially designed air tube which is placed diagonally on the bed of the canal or river.
It brings waste to the surface channels the plastics onto the banks where it can be extracted.
#Dissolved_Organic_Matter (DOM)
The dissolved organic matter is the largest reservoir of organic carbon in the aquatic environment.
It can be greatly influenced by land use, which can ramp up or diminish organic matter loads to waterways.
The forested lands can contribute more DOM than agricultural lands, but the nutrients bound in the material can be less bio-available than those from farm fields.
The organic matter in waterways can be viewed as a mixture of things living and dead, including plant, microbial and animal products at various stages of decomposition.
CDOM is interchangeably known as chromophoric dissolved organic matter or coloured dissolved organic matter.
The CDOM cover the parameter that can be measured in aquatic environments as a product of decaying material.
CDOM is largely a subset of DOM, or dissolved organic matter.
The decay releases organic substances, also called tannins that stain waters and can have effects on light absorption and other aspects of water quality.
CDOM is closely related to fDOM or fluorescent dissolved organic matter, as fDOM refers to the fraction of CDOM that fluoresces.
CDOM contributes to light absorption and may also help fuel bacterial respiration because of the large quantities of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus that it carries
The CDOM can have effects on all aquatic life in a water body.
#Pre_Revision
#Congo’s_Mount_Nyiragongo
Mount Nyiragongo is an active stratovolcano with an elevation of 3,470 m in the Virunga (National Park)Mountains associated with the Albertine Rift.
Nyiragongo and nearby Nyamuragira are together responsible for 40 percent of Africa’s historical volcanic eruptions.
It is one of the 16 Decade Volcanoes
#Decade_Volcanoes
The Decade Volcanoes are 16 volcanoes identified by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior (IAVCEI).
They are considered worthy of particular study in light of their history of large, destructive eruptions and proximity to densely populated areas.
They are named Decade Volcanoes because the project was initiated in the 1990s as part of the United Nations-sponsored International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction.
#Sudano_Sahelian_Zone (SSZ)
Safe Climatic Space is defined as the areas where 95 per cent of global food crop production takes place due to favourable weather conditions, temperature, rainfall, etc.
Sudano Sahelian Zone (SSZ) is one of the poorest in the world, is characterised by fluctuating rainfall and droughts, it lies outside of safe climatic space (SCS).
The semi-arid SSZ is located between the Sharan dessert and the humid Guinean zone and stretches from the Atlantic coast to the red sea coast.
It comprises 16 countries in Africa, is the most vulnerable to climate change.
#Belarus
It is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest.
#A_76_Iceberg
A huge ice block has broken off from western Antarctica into the Weddell Sea, becoming the largest iceberg in the world and earning the name A-76.
#Banni_Grassslands
Banni is the largest grassland of Asia situated near the Great Rann of Kutch in Gujarat.
Accounts for almost 45 per cent of the pastures in Gujarat.
#Pre_Revision
Mount Nyiragongo is an active stratovolcano with an elevation of 3,470 m in the Virunga (National Park)Mountains associated with the Albertine Rift.
Nyiragongo and nearby Nyamuragira are together responsible for 40 percent of Africa’s historical volcanic eruptions.
It is one of the 16 Decade Volcanoes
#Decade_Volcanoes
The Decade Volcanoes are 16 volcanoes identified by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior (IAVCEI).
They are considered worthy of particular study in light of their history of large, destructive eruptions and proximity to densely populated areas.
They are named Decade Volcanoes because the project was initiated in the 1990s as part of the United Nations-sponsored International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction.
#Sudano_Sahelian_Zone (SSZ)
Safe Climatic Space is defined as the areas where 95 per cent of global food crop production takes place due to favourable weather conditions, temperature, rainfall, etc.
Sudano Sahelian Zone (SSZ) is one of the poorest in the world, is characterised by fluctuating rainfall and droughts, it lies outside of safe climatic space (SCS).
The semi-arid SSZ is located between the Sharan dessert and the humid Guinean zone and stretches from the Atlantic coast to the red sea coast.
It comprises 16 countries in Africa, is the most vulnerable to climate change.
#Belarus
It is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest.
#A_76_Iceberg
A huge ice block has broken off from western Antarctica into the Weddell Sea, becoming the largest iceberg in the world and earning the name A-76.
#Banni_Grassslands
Banni is the largest grassland of Asia situated near the Great Rann of Kutch in Gujarat.
Accounts for almost 45 per cent of the pastures in Gujarat.
#Pre_Revision
#Rwanda_genocide(1994)
Genocide against the Tutsi by members of the Hutu majority government
#Rwanda
Rwanda is a landlocked country in central Africa. Its Capital is Kigali.
#Golden_Visa
The United Arab Emirates's (UAE) system for long-term residence visas, thereby enabling foreigners to live, work and study in the UAE without the need of a national sponsor and with 100 per cent ownership of their business.
The visa can also extends to their spouses and children.
#Louvre_museum
It is the world’s largest and the world’s most visited museum, based in Paris
It is home to the Mona Lisa.
Laurence des Cars has become the first woman to be appointed the president of Louvre – in its 228-year history.
#NIDHI4COVID2.0
It will fund eligible startups & companies offering promising solutions to address or mitigates various challenges being faced due to COVID-19.
The fund is available only for startups & companies registered in India.
The initiative is a special drive of the National Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Development Board (NSTEDB), Department of Science and Technology (DST).
#Ayush_Clinical_Case_Repository_(ACCR)_Portal
This portal will facilitate posting of success stories/successfully treated cases by Ayush practitioners.
The portal will serve as a platform to support both Ayush practitioners and general public
This covers all the seven systems of Ayush viz. Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Homoeopathy and Sowa Rigpa.
#Pre_Revision
Genocide against the Tutsi by members of the Hutu majority government
#Rwanda
Rwanda is a landlocked country in central Africa. Its Capital is Kigali.
#Golden_Visa
The United Arab Emirates's (UAE) system for long-term residence visas, thereby enabling foreigners to live, work and study in the UAE without the need of a national sponsor and with 100 per cent ownership of their business.
The visa can also extends to their spouses and children.
#Louvre_museum
It is the world’s largest and the world’s most visited museum, based in Paris
It is home to the Mona Lisa.
Laurence des Cars has become the first woman to be appointed the president of Louvre – in its 228-year history.
#NIDHI4COVID2.0
It will fund eligible startups & companies offering promising solutions to address or mitigates various challenges being faced due to COVID-19.
The fund is available only for startups & companies registered in India.
The initiative is a special drive of the National Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Development Board (NSTEDB), Department of Science and Technology (DST).
#Ayush_Clinical_Case_Repository_(ACCR)_Portal
This portal will facilitate posting of success stories/successfully treated cases by Ayush practitioners.
The portal will serve as a platform to support both Ayush practitioners and general public
This covers all the seven systems of Ayush viz. Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Homoeopathy and Sowa Rigpa.
#Pre_Revision
#Blackbuck
IUCN--Least Concern
Schedule I of WPA, 1972
CITES: Appendix III
The Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), or the Indian Antelope, is a species of antelope native to India and Nepal.
It is considered as the epitome of grassland.It is considered to be the fastest animal in the world next to Cheetah.
The blackbuck is a diurnal antelope (active mainly during the day).
State Animal of Punjab, Haryana, and Andhra Pradesh.
It is a symbol of purity for Hinduism as its skin and horns are regarded as a sacred object. For Buddhism, it is a symbol of good luck.
Odisha's blackbuck population has doubled in the last six years.
The blackbuck is known in Odisha as Krushnasara Mruga.
Protected Areas:
Velavadar Blackbuck Sanctuary — Gujarat.
Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, TN
Nilgiri biosphere reserve, TN
Corbett national park, UP
#Judicial_Disqualification_or_Recusal
Judicial disqualification, referred to as recusal, is the act of abstaining from participation in an official action such as a legal proceeding due to a conflict of interest of the presiding court official or administrative officer.
Grounds for Recusal includes
The judge is biased in favour of one party, or against another, or that a reasonable objective observer would think he might be.
Interest in the subject matter, or relationship with someone who is interested in it.
Background or experience, such as the judge’s prior work as a lawyer.
Personal knowledge about the parties or the facts of the case.
Ex parte communications with lawyers or non-lawyers
#Pre_Revision
IUCN--Least Concern
Schedule I of WPA, 1972
CITES: Appendix III
The Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), or the Indian Antelope, is a species of antelope native to India and Nepal.
It is considered as the epitome of grassland.It is considered to be the fastest animal in the world next to Cheetah.
The blackbuck is a diurnal antelope (active mainly during the day).
State Animal of Punjab, Haryana, and Andhra Pradesh.
It is a symbol of purity for Hinduism as its skin and horns are regarded as a sacred object. For Buddhism, it is a symbol of good luck.
Odisha's blackbuck population has doubled in the last six years.
The blackbuck is known in Odisha as Krushnasara Mruga.
Protected Areas:
Velavadar Blackbuck Sanctuary — Gujarat.
Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, TN
Nilgiri biosphere reserve, TN
Corbett national park, UP
#Judicial_Disqualification_or_Recusal
Judicial disqualification, referred to as recusal, is the act of abstaining from participation in an official action such as a legal proceeding due to a conflict of interest of the presiding court official or administrative officer.
Grounds for Recusal includes
The judge is biased in favour of one party, or against another, or that a reasonable objective observer would think he might be.
Interest in the subject matter, or relationship with someone who is interested in it.
Background or experience, such as the judge’s prior work as a lawyer.
Personal knowledge about the parties or the facts of the case.
Ex parte communications with lawyers or non-lawyers
#Pre_Revision
#MACS_1407
A high-yielding and pest-resistant variety of soybean
Scientists from MACS-Agharkar Research Institute (ARI), Pune, an autonomous institute of the Department of Science & Technology, Government of India in collaboration with Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi have developed MACS 1407.
#Tianhe_or_the_Heavenly_Harmony
A part of Permanent Space Station of China
#Mono_Pile_Technology in Coastal Roads
In mono pile technology, one single pile is used instead of four piles for supporting one pillar.
Generally, any bridge on a sea or river is built using group pile technology.
This will save the space to construct pillars and also environment friendly.
#Lakshadweep_Development_Authority
It empowers the government, identified as the administrator, to constitute Planning and Development Authorities under it to plan the development of any area identified as having “bad layout or obsolete development”.
The authority would be a body corporate with a government-appointed chairman, a town planning officer and three ‘expert’ government nominees besides two local authority representatives.
These authorities are to prepare land use maps, carry out zonation for type of land use and indicate areas for proposed national highways, arterial roads, ring roads, major streets, railways, tramways, airports, theatres, museums etc.
Only cantonment areas are exempted from this.
It defines development as the carrying out of building, engineering, mining, quarrying or other operations in, on, over or under land, the cutting of a hill or any portion thereof or the making of any material change in any building or land or in the use of any building or land.
It stipulates that islanders must pay a processing fee for zone changes.
It implies that localities would be required to pay fees to gain approval to alter zones as per the development plan, as well as fees for permission to develop their own land.
It establishes penalties such as imprisonment for obstructing the development plan's work or workers.
#Pre_Revision
A high-yielding and pest-resistant variety of soybean
Scientists from MACS-Agharkar Research Institute (ARI), Pune, an autonomous institute of the Department of Science & Technology, Government of India in collaboration with Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi have developed MACS 1407.
#Tianhe_or_the_Heavenly_Harmony
A part of Permanent Space Station of China
#Mono_Pile_Technology in Coastal Roads
In mono pile technology, one single pile is used instead of four piles for supporting one pillar.
Generally, any bridge on a sea or river is built using group pile technology.
This will save the space to construct pillars and also environment friendly.
#Lakshadweep_Development_Authority
It empowers the government, identified as the administrator, to constitute Planning and Development Authorities under it to plan the development of any area identified as having “bad layout or obsolete development”.
The authority would be a body corporate with a government-appointed chairman, a town planning officer and three ‘expert’ government nominees besides two local authority representatives.
These authorities are to prepare land use maps, carry out zonation for type of land use and indicate areas for proposed national highways, arterial roads, ring roads, major streets, railways, tramways, airports, theatres, museums etc.
Only cantonment areas are exempted from this.
It defines development as the carrying out of building, engineering, mining, quarrying or other operations in, on, over or under land, the cutting of a hill or any portion thereof or the making of any material change in any building or land or in the use of any building or land.
It stipulates that islanders must pay a processing fee for zone changes.
It implies that localities would be required to pay fees to gain approval to alter zones as per the development plan, as well as fees for permission to develop their own land.
It establishes penalties such as imprisonment for obstructing the development plan's work or workers.
#Pre_Revision
#V_D_Savarkar
Founded a secret society called Abhinav Bharat Society.
Was involved with organizations such as India House and the Free India Society
The president of Hindu Mahasabha from 1937 to 1943.
Wrote many books titled--
‘The History of the War of Indian Independence’,
‘Hindutva: who is hindu?
In his book 'Kale Pani', he mentioned his cellular jail struggle of Indian Independence.
He criticised Mahatma Gandhi's politics and wrote a book titled 'Gandhi Gondhal'.
He penned several poems like 'Jayostute' and 'Sagara Pran Talmalala'.
He also created several neologisms like 'Hutatma', 'Digdarshak', 'Doordhwani', 'Sansad', Tanklekhan', 'Mahapaur' etc. among others
Hindupadpaatshahi
Jatyochhedak Nibandha
Moplyanche Banda
Maazi Janmathep-Autobiography
Shatruchya Shibirat
Londonchi batamipatre
Andamanchya Andheritun
Vidnyan nishtha Nibandha
Joseph Mazzini
Hindurashtra Darshan
Hindutvache Panchapran
Kamala
Savarkaranchya Kavita
Sanyasta Khadg etc.—-
Trial and Sentences:
Arrested in 1909 on charges of plotting an armed revolt against the Morley-Minto reform (Indian Councils Act 1909).
Arrested in 1910 for his connections with the revolutionary group India House.
One of the charges on Savarkar was abetment to murder of Nashik Collector Jackson and the second was waging a conspiracy under Indian penal code 121-A against the King emperor.
Following the two trials, Savarkar was convicted and sentenced to 50-years imprisonment also known as Kala Pani and transported in 1911 to the Cellular Jail in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
He was not considered by the British government as a political prisoner.
#Abhinav_Bharat_Society (Young India Society)— Initially founded at Nasik as Mitra Mela by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and his brother Ganesh Damodar Savarkar in 1904.
#India_House-founded by Shyamji Kishan Verma in 1905 in London.
#Free_India_Society-Initially an intellectual group, it became a revolutionary outfit under its founding leader, Madam Bhikaji Cama.
#Hindu_Mahasabha-a political party formed in 1933. founded by Veer Damodar Savarkar, Lala Lajpat Rai, Madan Mohan Malviya.
#Pre_Revision
Founded a secret society called Abhinav Bharat Society.
Was involved with organizations such as India House and the Free India Society
The president of Hindu Mahasabha from 1937 to 1943.
Wrote many books titled--
‘The History of the War of Indian Independence’,
‘Hindutva: who is hindu?
In his book 'Kale Pani', he mentioned his cellular jail struggle of Indian Independence.
He criticised Mahatma Gandhi's politics and wrote a book titled 'Gandhi Gondhal'.
He penned several poems like 'Jayostute' and 'Sagara Pran Talmalala'.
He also created several neologisms like 'Hutatma', 'Digdarshak', 'Doordhwani', 'Sansad', Tanklekhan', 'Mahapaur' etc. among others
Hindupadpaatshahi
Jatyochhedak Nibandha
Moplyanche Banda
Maazi Janmathep-Autobiography
Shatruchya Shibirat
Londonchi batamipatre
Andamanchya Andheritun
Vidnyan nishtha Nibandha
Joseph Mazzini
Hindurashtra Darshan
Hindutvache Panchapran
Kamala
Savarkaranchya Kavita
Sanyasta Khadg etc.—-
Trial and Sentences:
Arrested in 1909 on charges of plotting an armed revolt against the Morley-Minto reform (Indian Councils Act 1909).
Arrested in 1910 for his connections with the revolutionary group India House.
One of the charges on Savarkar was abetment to murder of Nashik Collector Jackson and the second was waging a conspiracy under Indian penal code 121-A against the King emperor.
Following the two trials, Savarkar was convicted and sentenced to 50-years imprisonment also known as Kala Pani and transported in 1911 to the Cellular Jail in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
He was not considered by the British government as a political prisoner.
#Abhinav_Bharat_Society (Young India Society)— Initially founded at Nasik as Mitra Mela by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and his brother Ganesh Damodar Savarkar in 1904.
#India_House-founded by Shyamji Kishan Verma in 1905 in London.
#Free_India_Society-Initially an intellectual group, it became a revolutionary outfit under its founding leader, Madam Bhikaji Cama.
#Hindu_Mahasabha-a political party formed in 1933. founded by Veer Damodar Savarkar, Lala Lajpat Rai, Madan Mohan Malviya.
#Pre_Revision
#Namibia_Genocide
Namibia-which was under German occupation from 1884 to 1915—
German colonists killed tens of thousands of Herero and Nama people in early 20th century massacres.
The Battle of Waterberg: around 80,000 Herero, including women and children, were chased across the desert by German troops. A mere 15,000 survived.
The atrocities committed have been described by historians as "the forgotten genocide" of the early 20th Century,in what was then known as German South West Africa
#Section_304_B-- to make out a case of dowry death, a woman should have died of burns or other bodily injuries or “otherwise than under normal circumstances” within seven years of her marriage. She should have suffered cruelty or harassment from her husband or in-laws “soon before her death” in connection with demand for dowry.
#Rule_6(1)_of_the_Indian_Administrative_Service (cadre) rules, 1954 states:
A cadre officer may, with the concurrence of the state governments concerned and the central government, be deputed for service under the central government or another state government or under a company, association or body of individuals, whether incorporated or not, which is wholly or substantially owned or controlled by the central government or by another state government.
Rule 6(I) states that “provided that in case of any disagreement, the matter shall be decided by the Central Government and the State Government shall give effect to the decision of the Central Government.”
#The_17+1_initiative
is a China-led format founded in 2012 in Budapest with an aim to expand cooperation between Beijing and the Central and Eastern European (CEE) member countries, with investments and trade for the development of the CEE region.
#Pre_Revision
Namibia-which was under German occupation from 1884 to 1915—
German colonists killed tens of thousands of Herero and Nama people in early 20th century massacres.
The Battle of Waterberg: around 80,000 Herero, including women and children, were chased across the desert by German troops. A mere 15,000 survived.
The atrocities committed have been described by historians as "the forgotten genocide" of the early 20th Century,in what was then known as German South West Africa
#Section_304_B-- to make out a case of dowry death, a woman should have died of burns or other bodily injuries or “otherwise than under normal circumstances” within seven years of her marriage. She should have suffered cruelty or harassment from her husband or in-laws “soon before her death” in connection with demand for dowry.
#Rule_6(1)_of_the_Indian_Administrative_Service (cadre) rules, 1954 states:
A cadre officer may, with the concurrence of the state governments concerned and the central government, be deputed for service under the central government or another state government or under a company, association or body of individuals, whether incorporated or not, which is wholly or substantially owned or controlled by the central government or by another state government.
Rule 6(I) states that “provided that in case of any disagreement, the matter shall be decided by the Central Government and the State Government shall give effect to the decision of the Central Government.”
#The_17+1_initiative
is a China-led format founded in 2012 in Budapest with an aim to expand cooperation between Beijing and the Central and Eastern European (CEE) member countries, with investments and trade for the development of the CEE region.
#Pre_Revision
#Nuclear_Thermal_Rocket
In an NTR, a working fluid, usually liquid hydrogen, is heated to a high temperature in a nuclear reactor and then expands through a rocket nozzle to create thrust.
The external nuclear heat source theoretically allows a higher effective exhaust velocity and is expected to double or triple payload capacity compared to chemical propellants that store energy internally.
NTRs have been proposed as a spacecraft propulsion technology, with the earliest ground tests occurring in 1955.
The United States maintained an NTR development program through 1973, when it was shut down to focus on Space Shuttle development.
Although more than ten reactors of varying power output have been built and tested, as of 2021, no nuclear thermal rocket has flown.
Nuclear Thermal Propulsion systems won’t be used on earth it is not designed to produce the amount of thrust needed to leave earth’s surface.
Nuclear Thermal Propulsion systems offer greater flexibility for deep space mission they can reduce travel times to mars by up to 25% and more importantly limit a flight crew’s exposure to cosmic radiation
#NASA_ESA_Solar_Orbiter_Spacecraft
It was selected as the first medium-class mission of ESA’s Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 Programme.
It has captured the first solar eruption on the Sun’s surface, known as coronal mass ejections (CME).
It is the first mission that will provide images of the sun’s north and south poles.
It will be able to brave the heat of the sun because it has a custom titanium heat shield coated in calcium phosphate so that it can endure temperatures up to 970 degrees Fahrenheit.
Solar Orbiter follows the Ulysses spacecraft, another collaboration between ESA and NASA that launched in 1990.
#Volatiles_Investigating_Polar_Exploration_Rover (VIPER) is a lunar rover developed by NASA.
#Pre_Revision
In an NTR, a working fluid, usually liquid hydrogen, is heated to a high temperature in a nuclear reactor and then expands through a rocket nozzle to create thrust.
The external nuclear heat source theoretically allows a higher effective exhaust velocity and is expected to double or triple payload capacity compared to chemical propellants that store energy internally.
NTRs have been proposed as a spacecraft propulsion technology, with the earliest ground tests occurring in 1955.
The United States maintained an NTR development program through 1973, when it was shut down to focus on Space Shuttle development.
Although more than ten reactors of varying power output have been built and tested, as of 2021, no nuclear thermal rocket has flown.
Nuclear Thermal Propulsion systems won’t be used on earth it is not designed to produce the amount of thrust needed to leave earth’s surface.
Nuclear Thermal Propulsion systems offer greater flexibility for deep space mission they can reduce travel times to mars by up to 25% and more importantly limit a flight crew’s exposure to cosmic radiation
#NASA_ESA_Solar_Orbiter_Spacecraft
It was selected as the first medium-class mission of ESA’s Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 Programme.
It has captured the first solar eruption on the Sun’s surface, known as coronal mass ejections (CME).
It is the first mission that will provide images of the sun’s north and south poles.
It will be able to brave the heat of the sun because it has a custom titanium heat shield coated in calcium phosphate so that it can endure temperatures up to 970 degrees Fahrenheit.
Solar Orbiter follows the Ulysses spacecraft, another collaboration between ESA and NASA that launched in 1990.
#Volatiles_Investigating_Polar_Exploration_Rover (VIPER) is a lunar rover developed by NASA.
#Pre_Revision
#Hampi
It is a UNESCO world heritage site.
It was a part of the Mauryan Empire back in the third century BC.
Hampi was the capital city during the four different dynasties altogether in the Vijayanagar city that came into existence in the year 1336 AD.
'Kishkindha Kaand' in Ramayana has special significance concerning Hampi.
Located near the Tungabhadra river.
By 1500 CE, Hampi-Vijayanagara was the world's second-largest medieval-era city after Beijing, and probably India's richest at that time, attracting traders from Persia and Portugal.
It has been described by UNESCO as an "austere, grandiose site" of more than 1,600 surviving remains of the last great Hindu kingdom in South India
#Brihadishvara_Temple
Built by emperor Rajaraja Chola I (985 CE -1015 CE).
It has seen only five kumbhabhishekam (consecration) ceremonies so far.
As per the customs of Hinduism, ‘kumbhabhishekam’ is done once in 12 years. According to the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments (HR&CE) department, the temple had ‘kumbhabhishekam’ in 1010, 1729,1843, 1980 and 1997.
Located on the banks of Kaveri river, example of a fully realised Dravidian architecture.
It is called as Dhakshina Meru (Meru of south).
The temple is a part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the "Great Living Chola Temples", along with the Chola dynasty era Gangaikonda Cholapuram temple and Airavatesvara temple.
There are several shrines added to the temple by most of the following rulers such as the Pandyas, the Vijayanagara rulers and the Marathas, too.
Brihadeshwara Temple is also the first all-granite temple in the world.
#Pre_Revision
It is a UNESCO world heritage site.
It was a part of the Mauryan Empire back in the third century BC.
Hampi was the capital city during the four different dynasties altogether in the Vijayanagar city that came into existence in the year 1336 AD.
'Kishkindha Kaand' in Ramayana has special significance concerning Hampi.
Located near the Tungabhadra river.
By 1500 CE, Hampi-Vijayanagara was the world's second-largest medieval-era city after Beijing, and probably India's richest at that time, attracting traders from Persia and Portugal.
It has been described by UNESCO as an "austere, grandiose site" of more than 1,600 surviving remains of the last great Hindu kingdom in South India
#Brihadishvara_Temple
Built by emperor Rajaraja Chola I (985 CE -1015 CE).
It has seen only five kumbhabhishekam (consecration) ceremonies so far.
As per the customs of Hinduism, ‘kumbhabhishekam’ is done once in 12 years. According to the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments (HR&CE) department, the temple had ‘kumbhabhishekam’ in 1010, 1729,1843, 1980 and 1997.
Located on the banks of Kaveri river, example of a fully realised Dravidian architecture.
It is called as Dhakshina Meru (Meru of south).
The temple is a part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the "Great Living Chola Temples", along with the Chola dynasty era Gangaikonda Cholapuram temple and Airavatesvara temple.
There are several shrines added to the temple by most of the following rulers such as the Pandyas, the Vijayanagara rulers and the Marathas, too.
Brihadeshwara Temple is also the first all-granite temple in the world.
#Pre_Revision
#White_Fungus_Infections
It is a fungal infection where there is formation of whitish membranes or discharge caused by candida group(caused by yeast) of organisms.
It is a fungal infection called candidiasis, it can be caused by the unsterile use of oxygen cylinders or the overuse of steroids.
The symptoms are whitish patches in the oral cavity, white discharge, skin lesions and symptoms of pneumonia of cough, chest pain and low oxygen level.
The Anti-fungal drugs can be used to treat patients infected with White Fungus.Candidiasis can be treated with fluconazole or itraconazole orally.
The tropical applications will be required for infections in the oral cavity or genitourinary regions.
It can be prevented by proper sanitisation of ventilators/oxygen cylinders and also, by taking accurate care of the medical types of equipment that are used on the patients.
It is more likely to infect people with low immunity, it can also be caused if people come in contact with water or unsanitary environment containing the moulds.
The disease isn’t contagious but a person is said to be vulnerable to the infection since these moulds can be easily inhaled by a patient.
The fungus can further spread to vital organs and cause complications.
White fungus is curable with commonly available medicines and does not need expensive injections unlike in the case of mucormycosis.
The people with low immunity, comorbidities, diabetes, cancer or those using steroids regularly are at a higher risk of getting infected with the white fungus.
#Black_Fungus
It is caused by a group of moulds known as mucormycetes present naturally in the environment. And is generally spread by breathing in, eating food contaminated by, or getting spores of molds of the Mucorales type in an open wound.
It mainly affects people who are on medication for health problems that reduces their ability to fight environmental pathogens.
It is treated with antifungals and mucormycosis may eventually require surgery.
#Yellow_fungus
Yellow fungus, also called mucor septic, initially develops by the presence of moulds (a type of fungi) in the environment.
It may be present with unnecessary fatigue, rashes, burning sensation on skin etc.
Humidity levels below 30-40% can promote the growth of fungus.
It may not start from the lungs but it invades internal organs of the body and affects the entire functioning.
Causes---Poor hygiene,Moisture and heat,Contaminated food,Overuse of steroids
Symptoms--Weight loss,Pus leakage,Malnutrition,Organs failure,Internal bleeding,Lethargy, Slow healing of wounds,Low apetite or no apetite,Necrosis (in severe cases)
Till now the only known treatment for yellow fungus is Amphotericin B injection
#Pre_Revision
It is a fungal infection where there is formation of whitish membranes or discharge caused by candida group(caused by yeast) of organisms.
It is a fungal infection called candidiasis, it can be caused by the unsterile use of oxygen cylinders or the overuse of steroids.
The symptoms are whitish patches in the oral cavity, white discharge, skin lesions and symptoms of pneumonia of cough, chest pain and low oxygen level.
The Anti-fungal drugs can be used to treat patients infected with White Fungus.Candidiasis can be treated with fluconazole or itraconazole orally.
The tropical applications will be required for infections in the oral cavity or genitourinary regions.
It can be prevented by proper sanitisation of ventilators/oxygen cylinders and also, by taking accurate care of the medical types of equipment that are used on the patients.
It is more likely to infect people with low immunity, it can also be caused if people come in contact with water or unsanitary environment containing the moulds.
The disease isn’t contagious but a person is said to be vulnerable to the infection since these moulds can be easily inhaled by a patient.
The fungus can further spread to vital organs and cause complications.
White fungus is curable with commonly available medicines and does not need expensive injections unlike in the case of mucormycosis.
The people with low immunity, comorbidities, diabetes, cancer or those using steroids regularly are at a higher risk of getting infected with the white fungus.
#Black_Fungus
It is caused by a group of moulds known as mucormycetes present naturally in the environment. And is generally spread by breathing in, eating food contaminated by, or getting spores of molds of the Mucorales type in an open wound.
It mainly affects people who are on medication for health problems that reduces their ability to fight environmental pathogens.
It is treated with antifungals and mucormycosis may eventually require surgery.
#Yellow_fungus
Yellow fungus, also called mucor septic, initially develops by the presence of moulds (a type of fungi) in the environment.
It may be present with unnecessary fatigue, rashes, burning sensation on skin etc.
Humidity levels below 30-40% can promote the growth of fungus.
It may not start from the lungs but it invades internal organs of the body and affects the entire functioning.
Causes---Poor hygiene,Moisture and heat,Contaminated food,Overuse of steroids
Symptoms--Weight loss,Pus leakage,Malnutrition,Organs failure,Internal bleeding,Lethargy, Slow healing of wounds,Low apetite or no apetite,Necrosis (in severe cases)
Till now the only known treatment for yellow fungus is Amphotericin B injection
#Pre_Revision
#Cis_Sutlej_States
The Cis-Sutlej states were a group of small states in Punjab region in the 19th century, lying between the Sutlej River on the north, the Himalayas on the east, the Yamuna River and Delhi District on the south, and Sirsa District on the west.
The states were called Cis- Sutlej by the British because they were on the British, or southern, side of the Sutlej River.
The Cis-Sutlej states included Kaithal, Patiala, Jind, Thanesar, Malerkotla and Faridkot.
Under the threat of absorption into Sikh Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s kingdom, they appealed to the British, who established dominance over them by the Treaty of Amritsar with Ranjit Singh (1809).
The states survived until the independence of India (1947), at which time they were organized into the Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU).
They subsequently were absorbed into the Indian states of Punjab and Haryana.
In 19th century, Malerkotla became one among the cis-Sutlej states.
Malerkotla continued under the
British protection and the alliance with the neighbouring Sikh states till 1947 when it became the only Muslim majority Sikh state in East Punjab.
#Sri_Vedanta_Desikan
A postage stamp has been released to commemorate 750th birth anniversary of Sri Vedanta Desikan(1268–1369) ,a Sri Vaishnava guru.
He was the disciple of Kidambi Appullar, also known as Aathreya Ramanujachariar, who himself was of a master-disciple lineage that began with Ramanuja.
He is considered to be avatar (incarnation) of the divine bell of Venkateswara of Tirumalai by the Vadakalai sect of Sri Vaishnavite.
Literary works: Sri Sthothra Nidhi, Sri Paduka Sahasram, Rahasya Granthams, Sri Desika Prabandham, Kavyams.
Honors: Sarvathanthra Swathanthrar, Kavitharkiga Simham, Vedanthachariar
#Pre_Revision
The Cis-Sutlej states were a group of small states in Punjab region in the 19th century, lying between the Sutlej River on the north, the Himalayas on the east, the Yamuna River and Delhi District on the south, and Sirsa District on the west.
The states were called Cis- Sutlej by the British because they were on the British, or southern, side of the Sutlej River.
The Cis-Sutlej states included Kaithal, Patiala, Jind, Thanesar, Malerkotla and Faridkot.
Under the threat of absorption into Sikh Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s kingdom, they appealed to the British, who established dominance over them by the Treaty of Amritsar with Ranjit Singh (1809).
The states survived until the independence of India (1947), at which time they were organized into the Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU).
They subsequently were absorbed into the Indian states of Punjab and Haryana.
In 19th century, Malerkotla became one among the cis-Sutlej states.
Malerkotla continued under the
British protection and the alliance with the neighbouring Sikh states till 1947 when it became the only Muslim majority Sikh state in East Punjab.
#Sri_Vedanta_Desikan
A postage stamp has been released to commemorate 750th birth anniversary of Sri Vedanta Desikan(1268–1369) ,a Sri Vaishnava guru.
He was the disciple of Kidambi Appullar, also known as Aathreya Ramanujachariar, who himself was of a master-disciple lineage that began with Ramanuja.
He is considered to be avatar (incarnation) of the divine bell of Venkateswara of Tirumalai by the Vadakalai sect of Sri Vaishnavite.
Literary works: Sri Sthothra Nidhi, Sri Paduka Sahasram, Rahasya Granthams, Sri Desika Prabandham, Kavyams.
Honors: Sarvathanthra Swathanthrar, Kavitharkiga Simham, Vedanthachariar
#Pre_Revision
#Bell_of_Faith scheme
It is a safety project conceived under Kerala’s Community Policing Scheme.
It will help elderly citizens attract the attention of their neighbours using a loud, remote-controlled alarm in emergencies.
#Economic_Community_of_West_African_States (ECOWAS)
It is a regional political and economic union of fifteen countries located in West Africa.
Established in 1975, with the signing of the Treaty of Lagos.
The Vision of ECOWAS is the creation of a borderless region where the population has access to its abundant resources and is able to exploit same through the creation of opportunities under a sustainable environment.
The member countries of ECOWAS comprises: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cote d’ Ivoire, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Senegal and Togo
It also serves as a peacekeeping force in the region.
ECOWAS includes two sub-regional blocs:
The West African Economic and Monetary Union is an organisation of eight, mainly French-speaking states.(1994)
The West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ), established in 2000, comprises six mainly English-speaking countries.
#Glanders
It is an infectious disease that is caused by the bacterium Burkholderia mallei.
While people can get the disease, glanders is primarily a disease affecting horses. It also affects donkeys and mules and can be naturally contracted by other mammals such as goats, dogs, and cats.
Transmitted to humans through contact with tissues or body fluids of infected animals
#Pre_Revision
It is a safety project conceived under Kerala’s Community Policing Scheme.
It will help elderly citizens attract the attention of their neighbours using a loud, remote-controlled alarm in emergencies.
#Economic_Community_of_West_African_States (ECOWAS)
It is a regional political and economic union of fifteen countries located in West Africa.
Established in 1975, with the signing of the Treaty of Lagos.
The Vision of ECOWAS is the creation of a borderless region where the population has access to its abundant resources and is able to exploit same through the creation of opportunities under a sustainable environment.
The member countries of ECOWAS comprises: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cote d’ Ivoire, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Senegal and Togo
It also serves as a peacekeeping force in the region.
ECOWAS includes two sub-regional blocs:
The West African Economic and Monetary Union is an organisation of eight, mainly French-speaking states.(1994)
The West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ), established in 2000, comprises six mainly English-speaking countries.
#Glanders
It is an infectious disease that is caused by the bacterium Burkholderia mallei.
While people can get the disease, glanders is primarily a disease affecting horses. It also affects donkeys and mules and can be naturally contracted by other mammals such as goats, dogs, and cats.
Transmitted to humans through contact with tissues or body fluids of infected animals
#Pre_Revision
#YUVA – Prime Minister’s Scheme for Mentoring Young Authors
It is an author mentorship programme to train young and budding authors below the age of 30.
Those who are interested to write on themes such as national movement, unsung heroes, freedom fighters can register themselves at mygov.in.
These books will be launched on National Youth Day (January 12, 2022).
The winner will also get a scholarship worth Rs. 50,000 per month for a period of six months.
The National Book Trust, India under the Ministry of Education as the Implementing Agency will ensure phase-wise execution of the Scheme.
The books prepared under this scheme will be translated into other Indian languages
#D_Voter
A D-voter is a category of voters in Assam disenfranchised by the government allegedly for lacking proper citizenship credentials.
They have not been defined in the Citizenship Act, 1955 or the Citizenship Rules of 2003.
In 1997, during intensive revision of electoral rolls, the Election Commission had ordered that the letter ‘D’ be written against names of those voters who failed to provide proof of their citizenship.
The D voters are determined by the special tribunals under the Foreigners Act.
Cases of all those were referred to the foreigners’ tribunals (FT) and they have to prove their citizenship in the tribunal.
If they fail to prove their citizenship, the FT designates them Declared Foreigners (DF) and they are sent to Detention Camps.
The ‘D’ voters are not allowed to cast their votes.
#Classical_languages
Currently, six languages enjoy the ‘Classical’ status: Tamil (declared in 2004), Sanskrit (2005), Kannada (2008), Telugu (2008), Malayalam (2013), and Odia (2014).
Guidelines for declaring a language as ‘Classical’ are:
1. High antiquity of its early texts/recorded history over a period of 1500-2000 years.
2. A body of ancient literature/texts, which is considered a valuable heritage by generations of speakers.
3. The literary tradition be original and not borrowed from another speech community.
4. The classical language and literature being distinct from modern, there may also be a discontinuity between the classical language and its later forms or its offshoots.
Various benefits:
Two major annual international awards for scholars of eminence in classical Indian languages.
A Centre of Excellence for studies in Classical Languages is set up.
The University Grants Commission is requested to create, to start with at least in the Central Universities, a certain number of Professional Chairs for the Classical Languages so declared.
#Renati_Cholas
The Telugu Cholas of Renadu (also called as Renati Cholas) ruled over Renadu region, the present day Cuddapah district.
They were originally independent, later forced to the suzerainty of the Eastern Chalukyas.
They had the unique honour of using the Telugu language in their inscriptions belonging to the 7th and 8th centuries.
The earliest of this family was Nandivarman (500 AD) who claimed descent from the family of Karikala and the Kasyapa gotra.
#King_Karikala
Many Sangam poems mention the Battle of Venni where he defeated the confederacy of Cheras, Pandyas and eleven minor chieftains.
He founded the port city of Puhar (identical with Kaveripattinam) and constructed 160 km of an embankment along the Kaveri River.
#Pre_Revision
It is an author mentorship programme to train young and budding authors below the age of 30.
Those who are interested to write on themes such as national movement, unsung heroes, freedom fighters can register themselves at mygov.in.
These books will be launched on National Youth Day (January 12, 2022).
The winner will also get a scholarship worth Rs. 50,000 per month for a period of six months.
The National Book Trust, India under the Ministry of Education as the Implementing Agency will ensure phase-wise execution of the Scheme.
The books prepared under this scheme will be translated into other Indian languages
#D_Voter
A D-voter is a category of voters in Assam disenfranchised by the government allegedly for lacking proper citizenship credentials.
They have not been defined in the Citizenship Act, 1955 or the Citizenship Rules of 2003.
In 1997, during intensive revision of electoral rolls, the Election Commission had ordered that the letter ‘D’ be written against names of those voters who failed to provide proof of their citizenship.
The D voters are determined by the special tribunals under the Foreigners Act.
Cases of all those were referred to the foreigners’ tribunals (FT) and they have to prove their citizenship in the tribunal.
If they fail to prove their citizenship, the FT designates them Declared Foreigners (DF) and they are sent to Detention Camps.
The ‘D’ voters are not allowed to cast their votes.
#Classical_languages
Currently, six languages enjoy the ‘Classical’ status: Tamil (declared in 2004), Sanskrit (2005), Kannada (2008), Telugu (2008), Malayalam (2013), and Odia (2014).
Guidelines for declaring a language as ‘Classical’ are:
1. High antiquity of its early texts/recorded history over a period of 1500-2000 years.
2. A body of ancient literature/texts, which is considered a valuable heritage by generations of speakers.
3. The literary tradition be original and not borrowed from another speech community.
4. The classical language and literature being distinct from modern, there may also be a discontinuity between the classical language and its later forms or its offshoots.
Various benefits:
Two major annual international awards for scholars of eminence in classical Indian languages.
A Centre of Excellence for studies in Classical Languages is set up.
The University Grants Commission is requested to create, to start with at least in the Central Universities, a certain number of Professional Chairs for the Classical Languages so declared.
#Renati_Cholas
The Telugu Cholas of Renadu (also called as Renati Cholas) ruled over Renadu region, the present day Cuddapah district.
They were originally independent, later forced to the suzerainty of the Eastern Chalukyas.
They had the unique honour of using the Telugu language in their inscriptions belonging to the 7th and 8th centuries.
The earliest of this family was Nandivarman (500 AD) who claimed descent from the family of Karikala and the Kasyapa gotra.
#King_Karikala
Many Sangam poems mention the Battle of Venni where he defeated the confederacy of Cheras, Pandyas and eleven minor chieftains.
He founded the port city of Puhar (identical with Kaveripattinam) and constructed 160 km of an embankment along the Kaveri River.
#Pre_Revision