#Ambedkar_Social_Innovation_and_Incubation_Mission (ASIIM)
To promote entrepreneurship among the SC Youth with special preference to Divyangs.
To support (1,000) innovative ideas till 2024 through a synergetic work with the Technology Business Incubators (TBIs) set up by Department of Science and Technology.
They will be funded Rs. 30 lakhs in 3 years as equity funding so that they can translate their start-up ideas into commercial ventures.
Successful ventures would further qualify for venture funding of up to Rs. 5 Crore from the Venture Capital Fund for SCs.
-------------------------------
#2_deoxy_D_glucose (2-DG)
It is an anti-COVID-19 therapeutic application developed by Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), a lab of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), in collaboration with Dr Reddy’s Laboratories (DRL), Hyderabad.
Clinical trial results have shown that this molecule helps in faster recovery of hospitalised patients and reduces supplemental oxygen dependence.
The drug comes in powder form in sachet, which is taken orally by dissolving it in water.
It accumulates in the virus infected cells and prevents virus growth by stopping viral synthesis and energy production.
#ID_Art_App--Launched by Interpol
The app will help identify stolen cultural property, reduce smuggling and increase the possibility of recovering stolen works and artefacts.
It enables users — from law enforcement agencies to the general public — to get mobile access to the Interpol database of stolen works of art, create an inventory of private art collections and report cultural sites that are potentially at risk, said the Interpol.
#PRAYAAS_Scheme
PRAYAAS is initiative of the EPFO to disburse pension payment order on the very day of retirement/ superannuation.
#Significant_economic_Presence (SEP)
It shall mean any transaction in respect of any goods, services or property carried out by a non-resident.
Recently user threshold set for an entity to be considered as SEP is set at more than 3 Lakh users and transaction threshold is set at Rs. 2 crores.
#Pre_Revision
To promote entrepreneurship among the SC Youth with special preference to Divyangs.
To support (1,000) innovative ideas till 2024 through a synergetic work with the Technology Business Incubators (TBIs) set up by Department of Science and Technology.
They will be funded Rs. 30 lakhs in 3 years as equity funding so that they can translate their start-up ideas into commercial ventures.
Successful ventures would further qualify for venture funding of up to Rs. 5 Crore from the Venture Capital Fund for SCs.
-------------------------------
#2_deoxy_D_glucose (2-DG)
It is an anti-COVID-19 therapeutic application developed by Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), a lab of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), in collaboration with Dr Reddy’s Laboratories (DRL), Hyderabad.
Clinical trial results have shown that this molecule helps in faster recovery of hospitalised patients and reduces supplemental oxygen dependence.
The drug comes in powder form in sachet, which is taken orally by dissolving it in water.
It accumulates in the virus infected cells and prevents virus growth by stopping viral synthesis and energy production.
#ID_Art_App--Launched by Interpol
The app will help identify stolen cultural property, reduce smuggling and increase the possibility of recovering stolen works and artefacts.
It enables users — from law enforcement agencies to the general public — to get mobile access to the Interpol database of stolen works of art, create an inventory of private art collections and report cultural sites that are potentially at risk, said the Interpol.
#PRAYAAS_Scheme
PRAYAAS is initiative of the EPFO to disburse pension payment order on the very day of retirement/ superannuation.
#Significant_economic_Presence (SEP)
It shall mean any transaction in respect of any goods, services or property carried out by a non-resident.
Recently user threshold set for an entity to be considered as SEP is set at more than 3 Lakh users and transaction threshold is set at Rs. 2 crores.
#Pre_Revision
#Economy_Basics
#Seigniorage-- is the difference between the value of currency/money and the cost of producing it. It is essentially the profit earned by the government by printing currency.
#Core_inflation-- An inflation measure which excludes transitory or temporary price volatility as in the case of some commodities such as food items, energy products etc. It reflects the inflation trend in an economy.
#Stagflation-- is the extreme economic situation, a peculiar combination of stagnant growth and rising inflation leading to high unemployment
#Lorenz_curve--A Lorenz curve is a graphical representation of income inequality or wealth inequality
#KUZNETS_CURVE--It shows the relationship between economic growth and inequality. It is inverted U shaped meaning that as initially economic growth leads to greater inequality, followed later by the reduction of inequality.
#Gini_cofficient--It is often used as a gauge of economic inequality, measuring income distribution or, less commonly, wealth distribution among a population. The coefficient ranges from 0 (or 0%) to 1 (or 100%), with 0 representing perfect equality and 1 representing perfect inequality. Values over 1 are theoretically possible due to negative income or wealth.
#Rahn_curve--The Rahn curve is a graph used to illustrate an economic theory,which suggests that there is a level of government spending that maximizes economic growth
#Laffer_curve--The Laffer Curve is a theory to show the relationship between tax rates and the amount of tax revenue collected by governments.
#Phillips_curve--The Phillips curve is an economic concept stating that inflation and unemployment have a stable and inverse relationship.
#Engel's_law--Engel's Law is an economic theory stating that the percentage of income allocated for food purchases decreases as income rises.
#ENGEL_CURVE--It displays how household expenditure on a particular good or service varies with change in household income
#NPA --A non performing asset (NPA) is a loan or advance for which the principal or interest payment remained overdue for a period of 90 days.
#Substandard_assets: Assets which has remained NPA for a period less than or equal to 12 months.
#Doubtful_assets: An asset would be classified as doubtful if it has remained in the substandard category for a period of 12 months.
#Loss_assets: As per RBI, “Loss asset is considered uncollectible and of such little value that its continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted, although there may be some salvage or recovery value.”
#Pre_Revision
#Seigniorage-- is the difference between the value of currency/money and the cost of producing it. It is essentially the profit earned by the government by printing currency.
#Core_inflation-- An inflation measure which excludes transitory or temporary price volatility as in the case of some commodities such as food items, energy products etc. It reflects the inflation trend in an economy.
#Stagflation-- is the extreme economic situation, a peculiar combination of stagnant growth and rising inflation leading to high unemployment
#Lorenz_curve--A Lorenz curve is a graphical representation of income inequality or wealth inequality
#KUZNETS_CURVE--It shows the relationship between economic growth and inequality. It is inverted U shaped meaning that as initially economic growth leads to greater inequality, followed later by the reduction of inequality.
#Gini_cofficient--It is often used as a gauge of economic inequality, measuring income distribution or, less commonly, wealth distribution among a population. The coefficient ranges from 0 (or 0%) to 1 (or 100%), with 0 representing perfect equality and 1 representing perfect inequality. Values over 1 are theoretically possible due to negative income or wealth.
#Rahn_curve--The Rahn curve is a graph used to illustrate an economic theory,which suggests that there is a level of government spending that maximizes economic growth
#Laffer_curve--The Laffer Curve is a theory to show the relationship between tax rates and the amount of tax revenue collected by governments.
#Phillips_curve--The Phillips curve is an economic concept stating that inflation and unemployment have a stable and inverse relationship.
#Engel's_law--Engel's Law is an economic theory stating that the percentage of income allocated for food purchases decreases as income rises.
#ENGEL_CURVE--It displays how household expenditure on a particular good or service varies with change in household income
#NPA --A non performing asset (NPA) is a loan or advance for which the principal or interest payment remained overdue for a period of 90 days.
#Substandard_assets: Assets which has remained NPA for a period less than or equal to 12 months.
#Doubtful_assets: An asset would be classified as doubtful if it has remained in the substandard category for a period of 12 months.
#Loss_assets: As per RBI, “Loss asset is considered uncollectible and of such little value that its continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted, although there may be some salvage or recovery value.”
#Pre_Revision
#Directorate_General_of_GST_Intelligence (DGGI)
It is an apex intelligence organization functioning under the Central Board of Indirect Taxes & Customs, Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance.It was erstwhile known as Directorate General of Central Excise Intelligence (DGCEI).
It was entrusted with the task of collection, collation and dissemination of intelligence relating to evasion of Goods and Services Tax (GST) and duties of Central Excise and Service Tax on an all India basis.
DGGI exchanges information with various agencies for combating indirect tax evasion and frauds which includes Income Tax Department, Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU), Central Economic Intelligence Bureau (CEIB), Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO), NATGRID (National Intelligence Grid) and various other departments and agencies.
#Recession-- It is a macroeconomic term that refers to a slowdown or a massive contraction in economic activities for a long enough period, or it can be said that when a recessionary phase sustains for long enough, it is called a recession.
#Depression--It is a deep and long-lasting period of negative economic growth, with output falling for at least 12 months and GDP falling by over 10% or it can be referred to as a severe and prolonged recession
Major traits of recession, to a great extent, are similar to that of ‘depression’—
(i) there is a general fall in demand as economic activities takes a downturn;
(ii) inflation remains lower or/and shows further signs of falling down; (iii) employment rate falls/unemployment rate grows;
(iv) Industries resort to ‘price cuts’ to sustain their business.
#Long_March_5B_Rocket
China launched the Long March 5B’ rocket and prototype spacecraft in 2020 .
It is expected to transport astronauts to a space station that China plans to complete by 2022 and eventually to the Moon, It will have capacity for a crew of six.
It is the launch vehicle designed to use exclusively non-hypergolic liquid propellants.
#Non_Hypergolic_Liquid_Propellants
Liquid propellants can consist of a single chemical (a monopropellant) or a mix of two chemicals, called bipropellants.
Bipropellants can further be divided into two categories; hypergolic propellants, which ignite when the fuel and oxidizer make contact, and non-hypergolic propellants which require an ignition source.
A hypergolic propellant combination used in a rocket engine is one whose components spontaneously ignite when they come into contact with each other.
#Pre_Revision
It is an apex intelligence organization functioning under the Central Board of Indirect Taxes & Customs, Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance.It was erstwhile known as Directorate General of Central Excise Intelligence (DGCEI).
It was entrusted with the task of collection, collation and dissemination of intelligence relating to evasion of Goods and Services Tax (GST) and duties of Central Excise and Service Tax on an all India basis.
DGGI exchanges information with various agencies for combating indirect tax evasion and frauds which includes Income Tax Department, Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU), Central Economic Intelligence Bureau (CEIB), Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO), NATGRID (National Intelligence Grid) and various other departments and agencies.
#Recession-- It is a macroeconomic term that refers to a slowdown or a massive contraction in economic activities for a long enough period, or it can be said that when a recessionary phase sustains for long enough, it is called a recession.
#Depression--It is a deep and long-lasting period of negative economic growth, with output falling for at least 12 months and GDP falling by over 10% or it can be referred to as a severe and prolonged recession
Major traits of recession, to a great extent, are similar to that of ‘depression’—
(i) there is a general fall in demand as economic activities takes a downturn;
(ii) inflation remains lower or/and shows further signs of falling down; (iii) employment rate falls/unemployment rate grows;
(iv) Industries resort to ‘price cuts’ to sustain their business.
#Long_March_5B_Rocket
China launched the Long March 5B’ rocket and prototype spacecraft in 2020 .
It is expected to transport astronauts to a space station that China plans to complete by 2022 and eventually to the Moon, It will have capacity for a crew of six.
It is the launch vehicle designed to use exclusively non-hypergolic liquid propellants.
#Non_Hypergolic_Liquid_Propellants
Liquid propellants can consist of a single chemical (a monopropellant) or a mix of two chemicals, called bipropellants.
Bipropellants can further be divided into two categories; hypergolic propellants, which ignite when the fuel and oxidizer make contact, and non-hypergolic propellants which require an ignition source.
A hypergolic propellant combination used in a rocket engine is one whose components spontaneously ignite when they come into contact with each other.
#Pre_Revision
#Human_African_Trypanosomiasis_or_Sleeping_Sickness
African Trypanosomiasis, is caused by microscopic parasites of the species Trypanosomabrucei.
It is transmitted by the tsetse fly (Glossina species), which is found only in sub-Saharan Africa.
Two morphologically indistinguishable subspecies of the parasite cause distinct disease patterns in humans:
T. b. gambiense : It causes a slowly progressing African trypanosomiasis in western and central Africa and;
T. b. rhodesiense: It causes a more acute African trypanosomiasis in eastern and southern Africa.
Sleeping sickness is curable with medication but is fatal if left untreated.
The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) shared 70 per cent of the burden of sleeping sickness, followed by the Central African Republic (9.9℅)
Togo has become the first country in Africa to eliminate human African Trypanosomiasis.
#Togo
It is a western African country.
Togo is surrounded by Gulf of Guniea in the south, Ghana in the west, Benin in the east and Burkin Faso in the north.
#Lumpy_Skin_Disease (LSD)
The LSD is caused by infection of cattle or water buffalo with the poxvirus Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV).
The virus is one of three closely related species within the genus capripoxvirus, the other two species being Sheeppox virus and Goatpox virus.
It appears as nodules of two to five centimetre diameter all over the body, particularly around the head, neck, limbs, udder (mammary gland of female cattle) and genitals.
The lumps gradually open up like large and deep wounds.
Other clinical signs include general malaise, ocular and nasal discharge, fever, and sudden decrease in milk production.
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) the mortality rate is less than 10%.
Control and prevention of lumpy skin disease relies on four tactics - movement control (quarantine), vaccination, slaughter campaigns and management strategies.
There is no treatment for the virus, so prevention by vaccination is the most effective means of control.
#C_reactive_protein_(CRP)_Test
It is not a diagnostic test but it has prognostic value.
It tells about inflammation level in the body during any ailment and indicates about the infection level.
The higher value of CRP level than the normal level indicates that the infection is increasing.
C-reactive protein is made by the liver, in the blood.
#Pre_Revision
African Trypanosomiasis, is caused by microscopic parasites of the species Trypanosomabrucei.
It is transmitted by the tsetse fly (Glossina species), which is found only in sub-Saharan Africa.
Two morphologically indistinguishable subspecies of the parasite cause distinct disease patterns in humans:
T. b. gambiense : It causes a slowly progressing African trypanosomiasis in western and central Africa and;
T. b. rhodesiense: It causes a more acute African trypanosomiasis in eastern and southern Africa.
Sleeping sickness is curable with medication but is fatal if left untreated.
The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) shared 70 per cent of the burden of sleeping sickness, followed by the Central African Republic (9.9℅)
Togo has become the first country in Africa to eliminate human African Trypanosomiasis.
#Togo
It is a western African country.
Togo is surrounded by Gulf of Guniea in the south, Ghana in the west, Benin in the east and Burkin Faso in the north.
#Lumpy_Skin_Disease (LSD)
The LSD is caused by infection of cattle or water buffalo with the poxvirus Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV).
The virus is one of three closely related species within the genus capripoxvirus, the other two species being Sheeppox virus and Goatpox virus.
It appears as nodules of two to five centimetre diameter all over the body, particularly around the head, neck, limbs, udder (mammary gland of female cattle) and genitals.
The lumps gradually open up like large and deep wounds.
Other clinical signs include general malaise, ocular and nasal discharge, fever, and sudden decrease in milk production.
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) the mortality rate is less than 10%.
Control and prevention of lumpy skin disease relies on four tactics - movement control (quarantine), vaccination, slaughter campaigns and management strategies.
There is no treatment for the virus, so prevention by vaccination is the most effective means of control.
#C_reactive_protein_(CRP)_Test
It is not a diagnostic test but it has prognostic value.
It tells about inflammation level in the body during any ailment and indicates about the infection level.
The higher value of CRP level than the normal level indicates that the infection is increasing.
C-reactive protein is made by the liver, in the blood.
#Pre_Revision
#Agriculture
World’s largest producer of spices, pulses, milk, tea, cashew, jute, bananas, jackfruits etc.
Second largest producer of wheat, rice, fruits and vegetables, sugarcane, cotton and oilseeds
Fourth largest producer of agrochemicals.
Largest livestock population of around 535.8 million (31%) of world's livestock
Largest land area under irrigation
Top five net exporters in the world
#Shade_house
A Shade house is a structure enclosed by agro nets or any other woven material to allow required sunlight, moisture and air to pass through the gaps. It creates an appropriate micro climate conducive to the plant growth.
Helps in cultivation of flower plants, foliage plants, medicinal plants, vegetables and
spices.
Used for fruit and vegetable nurseries as well as for raising of forest species etc.
Helps in quality drying of various agro products.
Used to protect against pest attack.
Protects from natural weather disturbances such as wind, rain, hail and frost.
Used in production of graft saplings and reducing its mortality during hot summer days.
Used for hardening tissue culture plantlets
#National_Horticulture_Board (NHB)
It was set up by Government of India in April 1984 on the basis of recommendations of the "Group on Perishable Agricultural Commodities", headed by Dr M. S. Swaminathan.
It was established as an autonomous organization under the administrative control of Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare.
It was registered under Societies Registration Act 1860, thereafter, re-registered under the Haryana Registration and Regulation of Societies Act, 2012, with its headquarters at Gurugarm and 29 field offices located all over the country.
The main objective of the NHB is to improve integrated development of Horticulture industry and to help in coordinating, sustaining the production and processing of fruits and vegetables.
#Pre_Revision
World’s largest producer of spices, pulses, milk, tea, cashew, jute, bananas, jackfruits etc.
Second largest producer of wheat, rice, fruits and vegetables, sugarcane, cotton and oilseeds
Fourth largest producer of agrochemicals.
Largest livestock population of around 535.8 million (31%) of world's livestock
Largest land area under irrigation
Top five net exporters in the world
#Shade_house
A Shade house is a structure enclosed by agro nets or any other woven material to allow required sunlight, moisture and air to pass through the gaps. It creates an appropriate micro climate conducive to the plant growth.
Helps in cultivation of flower plants, foliage plants, medicinal plants, vegetables and
spices.
Used for fruit and vegetable nurseries as well as for raising of forest species etc.
Helps in quality drying of various agro products.
Used to protect against pest attack.
Protects from natural weather disturbances such as wind, rain, hail and frost.
Used in production of graft saplings and reducing its mortality during hot summer days.
Used for hardening tissue culture plantlets
#National_Horticulture_Board (NHB)
It was set up by Government of India in April 1984 on the basis of recommendations of the "Group on Perishable Agricultural Commodities", headed by Dr M. S. Swaminathan.
It was established as an autonomous organization under the administrative control of Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare.
It was registered under Societies Registration Act 1860, thereafter, re-registered under the Haryana Registration and Regulation of Societies Act, 2012, with its headquarters at Gurugarm and 29 field offices located all over the country.
The main objective of the NHB is to improve integrated development of Horticulture industry and to help in coordinating, sustaining the production and processing of fruits and vegetables.
#Pre_Revision
Forwarded from UPSC Shots | Current Affairs Summary | Daily MCQs
The Indian Express
Iqbal Singh Chahal: If Mumbai has 6-7% positivity rate, why should we suffer a national lockdown? Decision should be left to states
Ward-level war rooms, dashboard for beds, consistent oxygen supply — Mumbai’s civic body put in place a slew of systems to bring down the Covid curve. Chahal, a 1989-batch IAS officer, has been at the centre of that process since he took charge as BMC Commissioner…
#Economy_Basics
#Anti_dumping_duty is a protectionist tariff that a domestic government imposes on
foreign imports that it believes are priced below fair market value
#Countervailing_Duties (CVDs) are tariffs levied on imported goods to offset subsidies made to producers of these goods in the exporting country
#Hot_currency is a term of the forex market and is a temporary name for any hard currency. Due to certain reasons, if a hard currency is exiting an economy at a fast pace for the time, the hard currency is known to be hot
#Heated_currency -A term used in the forex market to denote the domestic currency which is under enough pressure (heat) of depreciation due to a hard currency’s high tendency of exiting the economy (since it has become hot). It is also known as currency underheat or under hammering.
#Cheap_currency-If a government starts re-purchasing its bonds before their maturities (at full-maturity prices) the money which flows into the economy is known as the cheap currency, also called cheap money.
#Dear_currency- when a government issues bonds, the money which flows from the public to the government or the money in the economy in general is called dear currency, also called as dear money
#Commercial_Paper (CP) is an unsecured money market instrument issued in the form of a promissory note and held in a dematerialized form through any of the depositories approved by and registered with SEBI. A CP is issued in minimum denomination of ₹5 lakh and multiples thereof and shall be issued at a discount to face value.
#Certificate_of_Deposit (CD) is a negotiable money market instrument and issued in dematerialised form or as a Usance Promissory Note, for funds deposited at a bank or other eligible financial institution for a specified time period. Banks can issue CDs for maturities from 7 days to one year whereas eligible FIs can issue for maturities from 1 year to 3 years.
#Money_supply, like money demand, is a stock variable. The total stock of money in circulation among the public at a particular point of time is called money supply.
M1 = CU + DD
M2 = M1 + Savings deposits with Post Office savings banks
M3 = M1 + Net time deposits of commercial banks
M4 = M3 + Total deposits with Post Office savings organizations (excluding National Savings Certificates)
where, CU is currency (notes plus coins) held by the public and DD is net demand deposits held by commercial banks. The word ‘net’ implies that only deposits of the public held by the banks are to be included in money supply. The interbank deposits, which a commercial bank holds in other commercial banks, are not to be regarded as part of money supply.
M1 and M2 are known as narrow money.M3 and M4 are known as broad money.
These measures are in decreasing order of liquidity. M1 is most liquid and easiest for transactions whereas M4 is least liquid of all.
M3 is the most commonly used measure of money supply. It is also known as aggregate monetary resources.
#Pre_Revision
#Anti_dumping_duty is a protectionist tariff that a domestic government imposes on
foreign imports that it believes are priced below fair market value
#Countervailing_Duties (CVDs) are tariffs levied on imported goods to offset subsidies made to producers of these goods in the exporting country
#Hot_currency is a term of the forex market and is a temporary name for any hard currency. Due to certain reasons, if a hard currency is exiting an economy at a fast pace for the time, the hard currency is known to be hot
#Heated_currency -A term used in the forex market to denote the domestic currency which is under enough pressure (heat) of depreciation due to a hard currency’s high tendency of exiting the economy (since it has become hot). It is also known as currency underheat or under hammering.
#Cheap_currency-If a government starts re-purchasing its bonds before their maturities (at full-maturity prices) the money which flows into the economy is known as the cheap currency, also called cheap money.
#Dear_currency- when a government issues bonds, the money which flows from the public to the government or the money in the economy in general is called dear currency, also called as dear money
#Commercial_Paper (CP) is an unsecured money market instrument issued in the form of a promissory note and held in a dematerialized form through any of the depositories approved by and registered with SEBI. A CP is issued in minimum denomination of ₹5 lakh and multiples thereof and shall be issued at a discount to face value.
#Certificate_of_Deposit (CD) is a negotiable money market instrument and issued in dematerialised form or as a Usance Promissory Note, for funds deposited at a bank or other eligible financial institution for a specified time period. Banks can issue CDs for maturities from 7 days to one year whereas eligible FIs can issue for maturities from 1 year to 3 years.
#Money_supply, like money demand, is a stock variable. The total stock of money in circulation among the public at a particular point of time is called money supply.
M1 = CU + DD
M2 = M1 + Savings deposits with Post Office savings banks
M3 = M1 + Net time deposits of commercial banks
M4 = M3 + Total deposits with Post Office savings organizations (excluding National Savings Certificates)
where, CU is currency (notes plus coins) held by the public and DD is net demand deposits held by commercial banks. The word ‘net’ implies that only deposits of the public held by the banks are to be included in money supply. The interbank deposits, which a commercial bank holds in other commercial banks, are not to be regarded as part of money supply.
M1 and M2 are known as narrow money.M3 and M4 are known as broad money.
These measures are in decreasing order of liquidity. M1 is most liquid and easiest for transactions whereas M4 is least liquid of all.
M3 is the most commonly used measure of money supply. It is also known as aggregate monetary resources.
#Pre_Revision
#Tarang_Sanchar_Portal
It has been developed in Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode. Department of Telecommunications initiative with Industry.
This Portal envisages to disseminate the information to the public regarding Electro Magnetic Fields (EMF) signals and to allay the misconceptions and fear of health issues due to EMF emissions from mobile towers.
Public, at large will be now able to check the current status of the mobile tower located anywhere in the country and the EMF signal compliance status of the same.
#International_Commission_on_No_Ionizing_Radiation_Protection (ICNIRP)
It aims to protect people and the environment against adverse effects of Non-Ionizing Radiation (NIR) by developing science based exposure guidelines.
ICNIRP is an independent non-profit organization registered in Munich, Germany.
It is recognized as an official collaborating non-state actor by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO).
#Thalassemia_Bal_Sewa_Yojna
It was launched in 2017.
This scheme is a Coal India CSR funded Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) program.
It aims to provide a one-time cure opportunity for Haemoglobinopathies like Thalassaemia and Sickle Cell Disease for patients who have a matched family donor.
The CSR initiative was targeted to provide financial assistance to a total of 200 patients by providing a package cost not exceeding Rs. 10 lakhs per HSCT.
The scheme has been extended to cover Aplastic Anaemia patients for a total of 200 such patients from this year.
#Arecibo_telescope--located in Puerto Rico
Built in 1963, it is the second-largest single-dish radio telescope in the world.
Being the most powerful radar, scientists employed Arecibo to observe planets, asteroids and the ionosphere, making several discoveries over the decades, including finding prebiotic molecules in distant galaxies, the first exoplanets, and the first millisecond pulsar.
#FDI_prohibited in
Atomic Energy Generation
Any Gambling or Betting businesses
Lotteries (online, private, government, etc)
Investment in Chit Funds
Nidhi Company
Agricultural or Plantation Activities (although there are many exceptions like horticulture, fisheries, tea plantations, Pisciculture, animal husbandry, etc)
Housing and Real Estate (except townships, commercial projects, etc)
Trading in TDR’s
Cigars, Cigarettes, or any related tobacco industry
#Pre_Revision
It has been developed in Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode. Department of Telecommunications initiative with Industry.
This Portal envisages to disseminate the information to the public regarding Electro Magnetic Fields (EMF) signals and to allay the misconceptions and fear of health issues due to EMF emissions from mobile towers.
Public, at large will be now able to check the current status of the mobile tower located anywhere in the country and the EMF signal compliance status of the same.
#International_Commission_on_No_Ionizing_Radiation_Protection (ICNIRP)
It aims to protect people and the environment against adverse effects of Non-Ionizing Radiation (NIR) by developing science based exposure guidelines.
ICNIRP is an independent non-profit organization registered in Munich, Germany.
It is recognized as an official collaborating non-state actor by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO).
#Thalassemia_Bal_Sewa_Yojna
It was launched in 2017.
This scheme is a Coal India CSR funded Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) program.
It aims to provide a one-time cure opportunity for Haemoglobinopathies like Thalassaemia and Sickle Cell Disease for patients who have a matched family donor.
The CSR initiative was targeted to provide financial assistance to a total of 200 patients by providing a package cost not exceeding Rs. 10 lakhs per HSCT.
The scheme has been extended to cover Aplastic Anaemia patients for a total of 200 such patients from this year.
#Arecibo_telescope--located in Puerto Rico
Built in 1963, it is the second-largest single-dish radio telescope in the world.
Being the most powerful radar, scientists employed Arecibo to observe planets, asteroids and the ionosphere, making several discoveries over the decades, including finding prebiotic molecules in distant galaxies, the first exoplanets, and the first millisecond pulsar.
#FDI_prohibited in
Atomic Energy Generation
Any Gambling or Betting businesses
Lotteries (online, private, government, etc)
Investment in Chit Funds
Nidhi Company
Agricultural or Plantation Activities (although there are many exceptions like horticulture, fisheries, tea plantations, Pisciculture, animal husbandry, etc)
Housing and Real Estate (except townships, commercial projects, etc)
Trading in TDR’s
Cigars, Cigarettes, or any related tobacco industry
#Pre_Revision
#Project_STARS (Strengthening Teaching-Learning and Results for States)
Centrally Sponsored Scheme under Department of School Education and Literacy, Ministry of Education. (MOE)
National Assessment Centre, PARAKH as an independent and autonomous institution under Department of School Education and Literacy, MOE.
The project covers 6 States namely Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Kerala and Odisha.
The project shifts focus from the provision of inputs and maintaining of outputs to actual outcomes by linking the receipt and disbursement of funds to these outcomes.
The STARS project also aims to focus on initiatives of PM e-Vidya, Foundational Literacy and Numeracy Mission and National Curricular and Pedagogical Framework for Early Childhood Care and Education as part of the Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan.
#Positive_Pay_System
Under this process, the issuer of the cheque submits electronically (through channels like SMS, mobile app, Internet banking and ATM) certain minimum details of that cheque to the drawee bank, details of which are cross-checked with the presented cheque by Cheque Truncation System (CTS).
The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) will develop the facility of Positive Pay in CTS, and make it available to participant banks.
The banks will enable the new system for all account holders issuing cheques for amounts of Rs 50,000 and above.
While availing of this facility is at the discretion of the account holder, banks may consider making it mandatory in case of cheques for amounts of Rs 5,00,000 and above.
Only those cheques that are compliant with the new system will be accepted under the dispute resolution mechanism at the CTS grids.
The member banks may implement similar arrangements for cheques cleared or collected outside CTS as well.
The new measure will cover approximately 20 per cent and 80 per cent of total cheques issued in the country by volume and value, respectively.
#Cheque_Truncation_System (CTS)
It is the process of stopping the flow of the physical cheque issued by a drawer at some point by the presenting bank en-route to the paying bank branch.
Under this process, an electronic image of the cheque is transmitted to the paying branch through the clearinghouse, along with relevant information like data on the MICR band, date of presentation, presenting bank, etc.
#Pre_Revision
Centrally Sponsored Scheme under Department of School Education and Literacy, Ministry of Education. (MOE)
National Assessment Centre, PARAKH as an independent and autonomous institution under Department of School Education and Literacy, MOE.
The project covers 6 States namely Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Kerala and Odisha.
The project shifts focus from the provision of inputs and maintaining of outputs to actual outcomes by linking the receipt and disbursement of funds to these outcomes.
The STARS project also aims to focus on initiatives of PM e-Vidya, Foundational Literacy and Numeracy Mission and National Curricular and Pedagogical Framework for Early Childhood Care and Education as part of the Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan.
#Positive_Pay_System
Under this process, the issuer of the cheque submits electronically (through channels like SMS, mobile app, Internet banking and ATM) certain minimum details of that cheque to the drawee bank, details of which are cross-checked with the presented cheque by Cheque Truncation System (CTS).
The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) will develop the facility of Positive Pay in CTS, and make it available to participant banks.
The banks will enable the new system for all account holders issuing cheques for amounts of Rs 50,000 and above.
While availing of this facility is at the discretion of the account holder, banks may consider making it mandatory in case of cheques for amounts of Rs 5,00,000 and above.
Only those cheques that are compliant with the new system will be accepted under the dispute resolution mechanism at the CTS grids.
The member banks may implement similar arrangements for cheques cleared or collected outside CTS as well.
The new measure will cover approximately 20 per cent and 80 per cent of total cheques issued in the country by volume and value, respectively.
#Cheque_Truncation_System (CTS)
It is the process of stopping the flow of the physical cheque issued by a drawer at some point by the presenting bank en-route to the paying bank branch.
Under this process, an electronic image of the cheque is transmitted to the paying branch through the clearinghouse, along with relevant information like data on the MICR band, date of presentation, presenting bank, etc.
#Pre_Revision
#Pressure_Swing_Adsorption
Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is a technology used to separate some gas species from a mixture of gases under pressure.
PSA operates at near-ambient temperatures.
Specific adsorbent materials (e.g., zeolites, activated carbon, molecular sieves, etc.) are used as a trap, preferentially adsorbing the target gas species at high pressure.
#Zeolites
Zeolites are microporous, three dimensional crystalline solid of aluminium silicate. Zeolites have small openings of fixed size in them which allow small molecules to pass through them easily but larger molecules cannot pass through them therefore aka molecular sieve.
Zeolites are either formed naturally or can be synthesized.
Zeolites are very stable solid under different environmental conditions. The melting point of zeolite is very high, i.e.1000°C.
They are insoluble in water or other inorganic solvents.
They do not undergo oxidation in the presence of air.
Zeolites which are rich in alumina are attracted to polar molecules like water whereas zeolite rich in silica area attracted towards nonpolar molecules.
Since zeolites are not reactive and are obtained from naturally occurring minerals, therefore, they do not have any harmful environmental effects; although skin contact or inhalation may have a carcinogenic effect.
#Doomsday_Surfing:Doomsday Surfing refers to the tendency to continue to surf or scroll through bad news, even though that news is saddening or depressing.
#Meteoroids are objects in space that range in size from dust grains to small asteroids.
But when meteoroids enter the Earth’s atmosphere they are called #meteors.
But if a meteoroid enters the Earth’s atmosphere and hits the ground, it is called a #meteorite.
#Pre_Revision
Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is a technology used to separate some gas species from a mixture of gases under pressure.
PSA operates at near-ambient temperatures.
Specific adsorbent materials (e.g., zeolites, activated carbon, molecular sieves, etc.) are used as a trap, preferentially adsorbing the target gas species at high pressure.
#Zeolites
Zeolites are microporous, three dimensional crystalline solid of aluminium silicate. Zeolites have small openings of fixed size in them which allow small molecules to pass through them easily but larger molecules cannot pass through them therefore aka molecular sieve.
Zeolites are either formed naturally or can be synthesized.
Zeolites are very stable solid under different environmental conditions. The melting point of zeolite is very high, i.e.1000°C.
They are insoluble in water or other inorganic solvents.
They do not undergo oxidation in the presence of air.
Zeolites which are rich in alumina are attracted to polar molecules like water whereas zeolite rich in silica area attracted towards nonpolar molecules.
Since zeolites are not reactive and are obtained from naturally occurring minerals, therefore, they do not have any harmful environmental effects; although skin contact or inhalation may have a carcinogenic effect.
#Doomsday_Surfing:Doomsday Surfing refers to the tendency to continue to surf or scroll through bad news, even though that news is saddening or depressing.
#Meteoroids are objects in space that range in size from dust grains to small asteroids.
But when meteoroids enter the Earth’s atmosphere they are called #meteors.
But if a meteoroid enters the Earth’s atmosphere and hits the ground, it is called a #meteorite.
#Pre_Revision
#Judicial_Impact_Assessment (JIA)
It is a methodology to calculate the workload change that the judiciary has to bear due to procedural or substantive legislation changes.
The need for Judicial Impact Assessment in India was first considered in the Salem Advocates Bar Association Vs Union of India case in 2005.
The USA undertakes the Judicial impact assessment exercise, although the developments are not shared except the results.
The Government of India, based on the direction of the Supreme Court, constituted a Task Force with Justice M. Jagannadha Rao as the chairman in 2008 to study the feasibility of Judicial Impact Assessment (JIA) in India
#Mission_COVID_Suraksha
It is an Indian COVID-19 Vaccine Development Mission with end-to-end focus from preclinical development through clinical development and manufacturing and regulatory facilitation.
The mission was led by Department of Biotechnology and implemented by a dedicated Mission Implementation Unit at Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC).
The existing activities under National Bio Pharma Mission (NBM) and Ind-CEPI Mission will provide complementary strengths to this Mission.
It will help accelerate development of approximately 5-6 vaccine candidates and ensure that these are brought closer to licensure and introduction in market for consideration of regulatory authorities.
#Strategic_Policy_&_Facilitation Bureau (SPFB) --It aims to facilitate planned and systematic growth of the Ayush Sector.
#Surinsar_&_Mansar_Lakes
Surinsar Lake and Mansar Lake are considered to be twin lakes.
Surinsar is rain-fed without permanent discharge, and Mansar is primarily fed by surface runoff and partially by mineralized water through paddy fields, with inflow increasing in the rainy season.
Ramsar Sites designated as Wetlands of International importance located in Jammu & Kashmir.
#Pre_Revision
It is a methodology to calculate the workload change that the judiciary has to bear due to procedural or substantive legislation changes.
The need for Judicial Impact Assessment in India was first considered in the Salem Advocates Bar Association Vs Union of India case in 2005.
The USA undertakes the Judicial impact assessment exercise, although the developments are not shared except the results.
The Government of India, based on the direction of the Supreme Court, constituted a Task Force with Justice M. Jagannadha Rao as the chairman in 2008 to study the feasibility of Judicial Impact Assessment (JIA) in India
#Mission_COVID_Suraksha
It is an Indian COVID-19 Vaccine Development Mission with end-to-end focus from preclinical development through clinical development and manufacturing and regulatory facilitation.
The mission was led by Department of Biotechnology and implemented by a dedicated Mission Implementation Unit at Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC).
The existing activities under National Bio Pharma Mission (NBM) and Ind-CEPI Mission will provide complementary strengths to this Mission.
It will help accelerate development of approximately 5-6 vaccine candidates and ensure that these are brought closer to licensure and introduction in market for consideration of regulatory authorities.
#Strategic_Policy_&_Facilitation Bureau (SPFB) --It aims to facilitate planned and systematic growth of the Ayush Sector.
#Surinsar_&_Mansar_Lakes
Surinsar Lake and Mansar Lake are considered to be twin lakes.
Surinsar is rain-fed without permanent discharge, and Mansar is primarily fed by surface runoff and partially by mineralized water through paddy fields, with inflow increasing in the rainy season.
Ramsar Sites designated as Wetlands of International importance located in Jammu & Kashmir.
#Pre_Revision
#Transplanting_Paddy
In transplanting paddy, farmers prepare nurseries where the paddy seeds are first sown and raised into young plants.
The nursery seed bed is 5-10% of the area to be transplanted.
These seedlings are then uprooted and replanted 25-35 days later in the puddled field.
#Direct_Seeding_of_Rice (DSR)
In DSR, the pre-germinated seeds are directly drilled into the field by a tractor-powered machine.
There is no nursery preparation or transplantation involved in this method.
Farmers have to only level their land and give one pre-sowing irrigation.
Advantages of DSR
Water savings.
Less numbers of labourers required.
Reduce methane emissions due to a shorter flooding period and decreased soil disturbance compared to transplanting rice seedlings.
Drawbacks of DSR
Non-availability of herbicides.
The seed requirement for DSR is also high, 8-10 kg/acre, compared to 4-5 kg/acre in transplanting.
Further, laser land levelling is compulsory in DSR. This is not so in transplanting.
The sowing needs to be done timely so that the plants have come out properly before the monsoon rains arrive
#Indian_SARS_CoV_2_Consortium_on_Genomics (#INSACOG) is a grouping of 10 National Laboratories being setup with following objectives:
To find out current status of new variant of SARS COV-2 in India
To establish a sentinel surveillance in order to detect the genomic variant early with the public health implication
To determine the genomic variants in unusual events or trends like the super spreader events and high mortality or morbidity trend areas
#Pre_Revision
In transplanting paddy, farmers prepare nurseries where the paddy seeds are first sown and raised into young plants.
The nursery seed bed is 5-10% of the area to be transplanted.
These seedlings are then uprooted and replanted 25-35 days later in the puddled field.
#Direct_Seeding_of_Rice (DSR)
In DSR, the pre-germinated seeds are directly drilled into the field by a tractor-powered machine.
There is no nursery preparation or transplantation involved in this method.
Farmers have to only level their land and give one pre-sowing irrigation.
Advantages of DSR
Water savings.
Less numbers of labourers required.
Reduce methane emissions due to a shorter flooding period and decreased soil disturbance compared to transplanting rice seedlings.
Drawbacks of DSR
Non-availability of herbicides.
The seed requirement for DSR is also high, 8-10 kg/acre, compared to 4-5 kg/acre in transplanting.
Further, laser land levelling is compulsory in DSR. This is not so in transplanting.
The sowing needs to be done timely so that the plants have come out properly before the monsoon rains arrive
#Indian_SARS_CoV_2_Consortium_on_Genomics (#INSACOG) is a grouping of 10 National Laboratories being setup with following objectives:
To find out current status of new variant of SARS COV-2 in India
To establish a sentinel surveillance in order to detect the genomic variant early with the public health implication
To determine the genomic variants in unusual events or trends like the super spreader events and high mortality or morbidity trend areas
#Pre_Revision
Starting from tomorrow, we will be uploading subject wise MCQs on the following channel. PDF will be provided for revision. We will share the plan tomorrow evening.
#Tropical_cyclone_and_Temperate_cyclone_comparison
1-Tropical
2-Temperate
#Origin
1-Thermal Origin
2-Dynamic Origin – Coriolis Force, Movement of air masses.
#Latitude
1-Confined to 10° – 30° N and S of equator.
2--Confined to 35° – 65° N and S of equator. More pronounced in Northern hemisphere due to greater temperature contrast.
#Frontal_system
1--Absent
2--The very cyclone formation is due to frontogenesis.[Occluded Front]
#Formation
1--They form only on seas with temperature more than 26-27° C. They dissipate on reaching the land.
2--Can form both on land as well as seas
#Season
1--Seasonal: Late summers (Aug – Oct)
2--Irregular. But few in summers and more in winters
#Size
1--Limited to small area.
Typical size: 100 – 500 kms in diameter.
Varies with the strength of the cyclone.
2--They cover a larger area.
Typical size: 300 – 2000 kms in diameter. Varies from region to region.
#Shape
1--Elliptical
2--Inverted ‘V’
#Rainfall
1--Heavy but does not last beyond a few hours. If the cyclone stays at a place, the rainfall may continue for many days.
2--In a temperate cyclone, rainfall is slow and continues for many days, sometimes even weeks.
#Win_Velocity_and_destruction
1--Much greater (100 – 250 kmph)(200 – 1200 kmph in upper troposphere)
Greater destruction due to winds, storm surges and torrential rains.
2--Comparatively low. Typical range: 30 – 150 kmph.
Less destruction due to winds but more destruction due to flooding
#Isobars
1--Complete circles and the pressure gradient is steep
2--Isobars are usually ‘V’ shaped and the pressure gradient is low.
#Life time
1--Doesn’t last for more than a week
2--Last for 2-3 weeks
#Path
1--East – West. Turn North at 200 latitude and west at 300 latitude.
Move away from equator.
The movement of Cyclones in Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal is a little different.
Here, these storms are superimposed upon the monsoon circulation of the summer months, and they move in northerly direction along with the monsoon currents.
2--West – East (Westerlies – Jet Streams). Move away from equator
#Temperature_distribution
1--The temperature at the center is almost equally distributed.
2--All the sectors of the cyclone have different temperatures
#Calm_region
1--The center of a tropical cyclone is known as the eye. The wind is calm at the center with no rainfall.
2--In a temperate cyclone, there is not a single place where winds and rains are inactive.
#Driving_force
1--The tropical cyclone derives its energy from the latent heat of condensation, and the difference in densities of the air masses does not contribute to the energy of the cyclone.
2--The energy of a temperate cyclone depends on the densities of air masses.
#Influence_of_Jet_streams
1--The relationship between tropical cyclones and the upper level air-flow is not very clear.
2--The temperate cyclones, in contrast, have a distinct relationship with upper level air flow (jet streams, Rossby waves etc.)
#Clouds
1--The tropical cyclones exhibit fewer varieties of clouds – cumulonimbus, nimbostratus, etc.. 2--The temperate cyclones show a variety of cloud development at various elevations
#Surface_anti_cyclones
1--The tropical cyclones are not associated with surface anticyclones and they have a greater destructive capacity.
2--The temperate cyclones are associated with anticyclones which precede and succeed a cyclone. These cyclones are not very destructive.
#Influence_on_India
1--Both coasts effected. But east coast is the hot spot.
2--Bring rains to North – West India. The associated instability is called ‘Western Disturbances'
#Fujlwara_effect-- In certain instances, two cyclones move toward each other and revolve around one another, with the smaller and less intense one moving more quickly.
#Pre_Revision
1-Tropical
2-Temperate
#Origin
1-Thermal Origin
2-Dynamic Origin – Coriolis Force, Movement of air masses.
#Latitude
1-Confined to 10° – 30° N and S of equator.
2--Confined to 35° – 65° N and S of equator. More pronounced in Northern hemisphere due to greater temperature contrast.
#Frontal_system
1--Absent
2--The very cyclone formation is due to frontogenesis.[Occluded Front]
#Formation
1--They form only on seas with temperature more than 26-27° C. They dissipate on reaching the land.
2--Can form both on land as well as seas
#Season
1--Seasonal: Late summers (Aug – Oct)
2--Irregular. But few in summers and more in winters
#Size
1--Limited to small area.
Typical size: 100 – 500 kms in diameter.
Varies with the strength of the cyclone.
2--They cover a larger area.
Typical size: 300 – 2000 kms in diameter. Varies from region to region.
#Shape
1--Elliptical
2--Inverted ‘V’
#Rainfall
1--Heavy but does not last beyond a few hours. If the cyclone stays at a place, the rainfall may continue for many days.
2--In a temperate cyclone, rainfall is slow and continues for many days, sometimes even weeks.
#Win_Velocity_and_destruction
1--Much greater (100 – 250 kmph)(200 – 1200 kmph in upper troposphere)
Greater destruction due to winds, storm surges and torrential rains.
2--Comparatively low. Typical range: 30 – 150 kmph.
Less destruction due to winds but more destruction due to flooding
#Isobars
1--Complete circles and the pressure gradient is steep
2--Isobars are usually ‘V’ shaped and the pressure gradient is low.
#Life time
1--Doesn’t last for more than a week
2--Last for 2-3 weeks
#Path
1--East – West. Turn North at 200 latitude and west at 300 latitude.
Move away from equator.
The movement of Cyclones in Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal is a little different.
Here, these storms are superimposed upon the monsoon circulation of the summer months, and they move in northerly direction along with the monsoon currents.
2--West – East (Westerlies – Jet Streams). Move away from equator
#Temperature_distribution
1--The temperature at the center is almost equally distributed.
2--All the sectors of the cyclone have different temperatures
#Calm_region
1--The center of a tropical cyclone is known as the eye. The wind is calm at the center with no rainfall.
2--In a temperate cyclone, there is not a single place where winds and rains are inactive.
#Driving_force
1--The tropical cyclone derives its energy from the latent heat of condensation, and the difference in densities of the air masses does not contribute to the energy of the cyclone.
2--The energy of a temperate cyclone depends on the densities of air masses.
#Influence_of_Jet_streams
1--The relationship between tropical cyclones and the upper level air-flow is not very clear.
2--The temperate cyclones, in contrast, have a distinct relationship with upper level air flow (jet streams, Rossby waves etc.)
#Clouds
1--The tropical cyclones exhibit fewer varieties of clouds – cumulonimbus, nimbostratus, etc.. 2--The temperate cyclones show a variety of cloud development at various elevations
#Surface_anti_cyclones
1--The tropical cyclones are not associated with surface anticyclones and they have a greater destructive capacity.
2--The temperate cyclones are associated with anticyclones which precede and succeed a cyclone. These cyclones are not very destructive.
#Influence_on_India
1--Both coasts effected. But east coast is the hot spot.
2--Bring rains to North – West India. The associated instability is called ‘Western Disturbances'
#Fujlwara_effect-- In certain instances, two cyclones move toward each other and revolve around one another, with the smaller and less intense one moving more quickly.
#Pre_Revision
#Sulawesi_Caves
It is a Pleistocene-era rock paintings dating back to 45,000-20,000 years ago.
It is located in cave sites in southern Sulawesi, on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi.
The limestone cave walls are adorned with hand stencils of red and mulberry tint, in addition to paintings of native mammals and human-animal hybrids.
The artwork in the area includes what is believed to be the world’s oldest hand stencil created by pressing the hand on a cave wall, and spraying wet red-mulberry pigments over it.
A nearby cave features the world’s oldest depiction of an animal, a warty pig painted on the wall 45,500 years ago.
The cave art of Sulawesi is much older than the prehistoric cave art of Europe.
#Shaphari--The Marine Products Exports Development Authority (MPEDA) has developed a certification scheme for aquaculture products
The Shaphari scheme is based on the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization’s technical guidelines on aquaculture certification and will have two components — certifying hatcheries for the quality of their seeds and, separately, approving shrimp farms that adopt the requisite good practices.
Frozen shrimp is India’s largest exported seafood item.
#Kamchatka_Peninsula
It is the peninsula in far eastern Russia, lying between the Sea of Okhotsk and the Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea.
The volcanoes of Kamchatka has a high density of active volcanoes, a variety of types, and it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site
#Green_bonds are debt instruments that can be used by governments and their entities, international organisations as well as the private sector to raise money for projects that demonstratively contribute to climate mitigation or adaptation.
First sovereign issuance by Poland in 2016.
India become the second-largest issuer of green bonds (after China) among emerging markets issued by private companies and public sector entities such as the State Bank of India (SBI).
However, there has been no green bond issuance yet by either the Central or state governments
#Pre_Revision
It is a Pleistocene-era rock paintings dating back to 45,000-20,000 years ago.
It is located in cave sites in southern Sulawesi, on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi.
The limestone cave walls are adorned with hand stencils of red and mulberry tint, in addition to paintings of native mammals and human-animal hybrids.
The artwork in the area includes what is believed to be the world’s oldest hand stencil created by pressing the hand on a cave wall, and spraying wet red-mulberry pigments over it.
A nearby cave features the world’s oldest depiction of an animal, a warty pig painted on the wall 45,500 years ago.
The cave art of Sulawesi is much older than the prehistoric cave art of Europe.
#Shaphari--The Marine Products Exports Development Authority (MPEDA) has developed a certification scheme for aquaculture products
The Shaphari scheme is based on the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization’s technical guidelines on aquaculture certification and will have two components — certifying hatcheries for the quality of their seeds and, separately, approving shrimp farms that adopt the requisite good practices.
Frozen shrimp is India’s largest exported seafood item.
#Kamchatka_Peninsula
It is the peninsula in far eastern Russia, lying between the Sea of Okhotsk and the Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea.
The volcanoes of Kamchatka has a high density of active volcanoes, a variety of types, and it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site
#Green_bonds are debt instruments that can be used by governments and their entities, international organisations as well as the private sector to raise money for projects that demonstratively contribute to climate mitigation or adaptation.
First sovereign issuance by Poland in 2016.
India become the second-largest issuer of green bonds (after China) among emerging markets issued by private companies and public sector entities such as the State Bank of India (SBI).
However, there has been no green bond issuance yet by either the Central or state governments
#Pre_Revision
LevelupIAS Anthropology (Karandeep Singh)
https://www.tg-me.com/LevelupIasAnthro
https://www.tg-me.com/LevelupIasAnthro
👆Anthropology students,
Please join above channel for daily updates from Karan Sir.
Please join above channel for daily updates from Karan Sir.