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ኮንክሪቱ ላይ ሎድ ከመጫኑ በፊት Axial Compressive Stress አፕላይ ይደረግባቸል።
✨ለምሳሌ አንድን ቢም ከጎንና ከጎን Compressive ፎርስ ስናደርግበት የ ‹‹ በ ›› ፊደል አይነት ቅርፅ ይኖረዋል (ሲጋነን) ኢሄ የታጠፈው ቢም እላዩ ላይ ሎድ ሲጫንበት ቢሙ ወደ ነበረበት ቦታው ይመለሳል::
እንደዛ ነው pre-stressed ኮንክሪቶች act የሚያደርጉት
RC beam ላይ ለዲዛይን assume ስናደርግ ኮንክሪቱ ምንም አይነት tensile stress አይሸከምም - tensile እስትረሱን የሚሸከመው ፌሮው ነው ብለን ነው ሌላው assumption ፌሮው ቴንሽኑን ይሸከማል ብንልም የፌሮውን አቅም fully utilize አናደርገውም ወይም ደሞ ሙሉ ለሙሉ አንጠቀምበትም የዚህም ምክንያቱ ኮንክሪቱ ቴንሽን ዞን ውስጥ የሚከሰተውን Crack width ለመገደብ ወይም limit ለማድረግ ነው።
ከላይ በተገለፁት ሁለት ምክንያቶች ማለትም የኮንክሪቱንም የፌሮውንም አቅም ሙሉ ለሙሉ ባለመጠቀማችን የተነሳ ለትልልቅ ሎዶች RC ከ PSC አንፃር ኢኮኖሚካል አይደለም።
የዚህም ምክንያቱ የ RCን አቅም ሙሉ ለሙሉ ስለማንጠቀምበት ነው በተጨማሪም RC ላይ ትልልቅ Grade ያላቸው ኮንክሪትና ፌሮ መጠቀማችን ብዙም ዋጋ የለውም ከ RC ድክመት ለመዳን Pre-Stressed ኮንክሪቶች ተፈጠሩ ከRC በተሻለ መልኩ የኮንክሪቱንና የብረቱን እስትሬንግዝ ይጠቀማሉና።
✨Methods of Prestressing
1) Pre tensioning👇
A, ቢሙን ካስት ማድረጊያ mold እናዘጋጃለን።
B, ሞልድ ውስጥም PSC ኬብሎች ወይም tendon
እናስቀምጣለን
C, እነዚህ ኬብሎችም ላይ Tensile ፎርስ apply እናደርጋለን
D,አፕላይ እንደተደረገ ኮንክሪቱን ሞልድ ውስጥ አስገብተን ኮንክሪቱን ካስት እናደርጋለን
E, ኮንክሪቱ ሲደርቅ ፎርሶቹን remove እናደርጋለን ቢሙም ዝግጁ ሆነ ማለት ነው::
2) Post tensioning
እዚህ ላይ ኮንክሪቱ ከደረቀ በኋላ ነው Compressive force አፕላይ የምናደርገው
Apply የሚደረጉት ፎርሶች ኮንክሪቱ ላይ compressive stress ሲፈጥሩ ብረቱ ላይ ደሞ tensile stress ይፈጥራሉ ማለት ነው::
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✨ Iconic Tower ይባላል፤ ቁመት 400 ሜትር ሲሆን፣ 77 ወለሎች አሉት።
ጠቅላላ የወለሎቹ ስፋት ደግሞ 250 ሺህ ስኩዌር ሜትር ነው።
ይህ ሕንፃ በግብጽ ከዋና ከተማዋ ካይሮ ወጣ ብሎ ከተገነባው አዲሱ የአስተዳደር ዋና ከተማ ውስጥ ከተገነቡ 20 ሰማይ ጠቀስ ሕንፃዎች ውስጥ አንዱ ሲሆን፣ በአመዛኙ የቢሮ አገልግሎት የሚሰጥ መሆኑ ታውቋል።
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🚧ህንጻ ለመገንባት የአፍር ቁፋሮ እያደረጉ የነበሩ በርካታ ሰራተኞች የአፍር ናዳው እንደተናደባቸው የአካባቢው ነዋሪዎች ለጣበያችን ተናግረዋል፡፡
✳️ከአፈር ናዳው እስካሁን ድረስ አንድ ሰው ብቻ ማውጣት እንደተቻለ የገለጹት ነዋሪዎቹ በቦታው ያለው ነገር የሚያሳዝን ነው ብለዋል፡፡
🔰የእሳት እና የአደጋ ስጋት ስራ አመራር ሰራተኞች ባሁኑ ሰአት በቦታው መገኝታቸቀው የተነገረ ሲሆን ሰራተኞቹን ለማዳን ብርቱ ጥረት በማድረግ ላይ መሆናቸው ታውቋል፡፡
⏺የአፈር ናዳው የደረሰው ህንጻው ከህንጻው አጠገብ ባሉ መኖርያ ቤቶች መሆኑ ነው የተነገረው፡፡
#FirstSafety
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ኢትዮጵያን ለመሳሰሉ ከፍተኛ የመንገድ መሠረተ ልማት ለሚያካሂዱ ሀገሮች ደግሞ በሲሚንቶ ኮንክሪት የሚገነቡ መንገዶች አዋጪ መሆናቸው ሳይታለም የተፈታ ነው።
በተለይ ኢትዮጵያ በከፍተኛ የውጪ ምንዛሬ ለአስፋልት ኮንክሪት የሚሆን ቢቱሜን (ሬንጅ) ከውጪ ከማስመጣት፣ ሲሚንቶን በስፋት አምርታ ተጠቃሚ መሆን ትችላለች።
በመጪዎቹ ወራትም በኢትዮጵያ በቀን 10 ሺህ ቶን ሲሚንቶ የሚያመርት ግዙፍ ሲሚንቶ ማምረቻ ፋብሪካ ወደ ሥራ ይገባል።
አሁን በቅርቡ ህንድ እንኳን፣ ከሙምባይ እስከ ናግፑር ከተማ 700 ኪሎ ሜትር የሚሸፍን ስድስት ሌን ያለው የፈጣን መንገድ ግንባታን በሲሚንቶ ኮንክሪት ገንብታ ለምርቃት ዝግጁ ማድረጓ እየተሰማ ነው።
በህንድ በ2018 የመሠረት ድንጋይ ተቀምጦለት የነበረው የዚህ መንገድ ጅምሮ በመጪው ሰኔ ይመረቃል። ይህ በሲሚንቶ ኮንክሪት የተገነባው መንገድ ላይ 33 ትላልቅ ድልድዮች፣ 274 አነስተኛ ድልድዮች እና 6 የዋሻ ውስጥ መተላለፊያዎች እና ሌሎች 65 ተሻጋሪ መንገዶችን ያቀፈ ነው።
በሲሚንቶ ኮንክሪት የሚገነቡ መንገዶች፣ በአስፋልት ኮንክሪት ከሚገነቡ መንገዶች ይልቅ ተመራጭ እየሆኑ የመጡት፣ በሲሚንቶ የሚገነቡ መንገዶች ረጅም አመት ስለሚቆዩ ነው። በዚያም ላይ በሲሚንቶ ኮንክሪት የሚገነባ መንገድ የጥገና ወጪም የለበትም።
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ካድ_ፋይል_በስልካችሁ_ለመክፈት ለተቸገራችሁ አንድ ፅድት ያለች #app ይዠላችሁ መጥቻለሁ ከታች ያለውን ሊንክ በመጫን በማውረድ ሳይት ላይ ለምትሰሩም እሱን መጠቀም ትችላላችሁ❗️
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Fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete that has fibrous materials mixed in to increase the concrete's durability and structural integrity. FRC has small, short, and discreet fibres that are randomly oriented yet uniformly distributed throughout the concrete. The fibres can be circular or flat, and often makeup one to three per cent of the concrete mix's total volume. Common fibres used in reinforced concrete include steel, glass, synthetic, and natural fibres.
Why fibres are used?
On its own, concrete lacks tensile strength and is prone to cracking. But fibre-reinforced concrete can improve tensile strength and control cracking in concrete structures that are often caused by plastic shrinkage and drying shrinkage. Fibres in concrete can also reduce the permeability of concrete, which limits the amount of water that bleeds out, further reducing shrinkage cracking during curing.
The necessity of Fiber Reinforced Concrete
1- It increases the tensile strength of the concrete.
2- It reduces the air voids and water voids the inherent porosity of gel.
3- It increases the durability of the concrete.
4- Fibers such as graphite and glass have excellent resistance to creep, while the same is not true for most resins. Therefore, the orientation and volume of fibres have a significant influence on the creep performance of rebars/tendons.
5- Reinforced concrete itself is a composite material, where the reinforcement acts as the strengthening fibre and the concrete as the matrix. It is therefore imperative that the behaviour under thermal stresses for the two materials be similar so that the differential deformations of concrete and the reinforcement are minimized.
6- It has been recognized that the addition of small, closely spaced and uniformly dispersed fibres to concrete would act as crack arrester and would substantially improve its static and dynamic properties.
Types of Fibers
1- Steel fibres
2- Glass fibres
3- Carbon Fibers
4- Cellulose Fibers
5- Synthetic Fibers
6- Natural Fibers
Advantages Of Fibre Reinforced Concrete
1- High modulus of elasticity for effective long-term reinforcement, even in the hardened concrete. Does not rust nor corrode and requires no minimum cover.
2- Ideal aspect ratio (i.e. the relationship between Fiber diameter and length) which makes them excellent for early-age performance.
3- Easily placed, Cast, Sprayed and less labour intensive than placing rebar.
4- Greater retained toughness in conventional concrete mixes.
5- Higher flexural strength, depending on the addition rate.
6- Can be made into thin sheets or irregular shapes.
7- FRC possesses enough plasticity to go under large deformation once the peak load has been reached.
8- Increased durability and high flexural rigidity. 9- Reduced permeability, bleeding, and formation of microcracks. 10- Minimum weathering effect. 11. Reduces deflection. 12. Minimum corrosion.
Disadvantages Of Fibre Reinforced Concrete
1- Fibres are costly.
2- The fibres should be uniformly distributed in concrete because they may not mix well and form lumps.
3- The size of the coarse aggregate is restricted to 10 mm.
4- Mixing of fibres in large volume could be tedious.
5- Construction with FRC skilled labours.
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የመጀመሪያው በአውስትራሊያ ሲድኒ ከተማ፣ ሁለተኛው ደግሞ በሎስ አንጀለስ ከተማ ሦስተኛው አድስ አበባ ውስጥ ለመንገደኞች የትራንስፖርት አገልግሎት የሚሰጡ የኤሌክትሪክ ባቡሮች ናቸው።
አንዳንዴ በውጪ ሀገራት ቀለል ብለው የተገነቡ የከተማ ባቡሮችን ስንመለከት እዚህ በአዲስ አበባ በተካበደ ሁኔታ ተገንብቶ ከጥቅሙ ባሻገር ብዙ መዘዝ ያመጣ እንዲሁም ቅሬታ የሚቀርብበት ባቡራችን ግርምትን ነው የሚፈጥረው።
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በአፄ ምኒልክ ዘመን በአርመኖች አርክቴክቶች የተገነባው በራስ መኮንን ድልድይ ዙሪያ የሚታየው የ70 ደረጃ ደረጃዎች እድሳት እየተደረገላቸው ነው።
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1. Advanced Structural Design
2. Bridge Design
3. Project Planning & Contract Administration
🔸Every Sunday Morning 3:00-8:00 LT.
● Registration is active
● Class starts on June 16/2024
📲 0911890392 / 0920933016
📌 Megenagna,Marathon Bldg, No. 614
https://www.tg-me.com/BeGetEngineering
አሁን #ናሽናል_ሲሚንቶ አ.ማ በቀን 3,500 ቶን ክሊንከር የማምረት አቅም ያለው ሲሆን፣ እኅት ኩባንያው #ለሚ_ናሽናል_ሲሚንቶ ደግሞ በቅርቡ ሥራ ሲጀምር በቀን 10 ሺሕ ቶን ክሊንከር የማምረት አቅም ይኖረዋል።
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➡️is coating which may apply by thin successive layers on a vertical supports of masonry or concrete with a decorative and/or protection aim or to standardize a surface need to support another coating (paint for example).
And plastering worker is a worker who works the mortar covering on walls and usually builds work where the cement or the lime is one of the main constituent. Before starting plastering the structure which is required for plastering should chiseled used for surface to holding the mortar but in the case of ribbed slab no need of chiseling because HCB can trap the mortar easily.
1,First coat “berarigirf”
🔸Mix proportion, 1:4 (cement sand by volume with sufficient water) of mortar
🔸Spread by trowel & allowed to cure for 24 hrs before applying second coat.
🔸Has thickness of 0.5 – 1 cm , which is plastered by mortar
2,Second coat “mulet”
🔸This layer is about 1.5cm-2.5cm which is done by mortar
🔸Mix ratio is 1:4 (cement: sand by volume)
🔸Set for 21days, before third coat started.
3,Third coat (fine coat) “feno”
🔸Mix ratio is 1:1 (one bag cement and one box of sand)
🔸Which is done to make the slab, wall & column smooth
🔸The sand for this task should be sieved to make smooth
Plastering of slab was started after leveled by” gomawuhalik” then make align by string with the needed thickness this is called locally “fasha”. Thickness for fashais take from10 up to 15-cm. In case of quantifying the plastering work all works except the gutter measured in meter square (m2) and the gutter is in meter linear
🔸It should provide smooth, non-absorb ante and washable surface.
🔸It should not contract in volume while drying and setting.
🔸It should adhere firmly to the surface and resist the effect of weather.
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በአለም የመጀመሪያው በብረት የተሰራ ህንፃ በአጠቃላይ በቺካጎ ፣ ዩኤስኤ ውስጥ "የቤት ኢንሹራንስ ህንፃ" ተብሎ ይታሰባል።
📌በመሐንዲስ እና አርክቴክት ዊልያም ለ ባሮን ጄኒ የተነደፈው በ1885 ተጠናቀቀ።
🔰የቤት ኢንሹራንስ ህንፃ የዘመናዊው ሰማይ ጠቀስ ህንፃ መወለድን የሚያመለክተው በብረት ቅርጽ የተሰራ የግንባታ ፈር ቀዳጅ ምሳሌ ነው።
❇️ይህ ፈጠራ ረጃጅም ህንጻዎችን ለማልማት መሰረት ጥሏል እና በዓለም ዙሪያ የከተማ መልክዓ ምድሮችን ቀይሯል።
#ConstructionHistory
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