Forwarded from VK IAS Geography current Affairs for UPSC
#Disaster
✅GS1- Geography
✅GS3- Disaster management
🔴What is a Glacial lake and what is a Glacial lake outburst flood(GLOF)? Why are they increasing- GLOF = Glacial Lake Outburst Flood: Sudden release of water from glacial lakes, typically due to dam (moraine/ice) failure.- Click here
🅾️River most impacted: Bhote Koshi River (major transboundary river flowing into Nepal).
⚠️n 2023, India finalised its 1stnational GLOF mitigation programme
🅾️Tech measures
1. Automatic Weather Stations (AWS): Installed in Uttarakhand, Sikkim.
2. Early warning systems (EWS) being piloted.
3. Real-time water discharge sensors installed.
4. Landslide-prone areas mapped for prioritisation.
🌟Pilot projects: Artificial draining of lakes, risk modelling, glacier-lake volume studies.
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✅GS1- Geography
✅GS3- Disaster management
🔴What is a Glacial lake and what is a Glacial lake outburst flood(GLOF)? Why are they increasing- GLOF = Glacial Lake Outburst Flood: Sudden release of water from glacial lakes, typically due to dam (moraine/ice) failure.- Click here
🅾️River most impacted: Bhote Koshi River (major transboundary river flowing into Nepal).
⚠️n 2023, India finalised its 1st
🅾️Tech measures
1. Automatic Weather Stations (AWS): Installed in Uttarakhand, Sikkim.
2. Early warning systems (EWS) being piloted.
3. Real-time water discharge sensors installed.
4. Landslide-prone areas mapped for prioritisation.
🌟Pilot projects: Artificial draining of lakes, risk modelling, glacier-lake volume studies.
🔰Join : @Geohighlights- for Geography news seggregated at one place
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
Forwarded from VK IAS Geography current Affairs for UPSC
✅Gs-1 : Geography
🅾️Watershed management and Rain water harvesting are two nature based solutions for the problem of water conservation and insurance against flash floods- Case study : Ramrawas Kalan model- x Click here
🅾️Flash floods are sudden floods due to heavy rain or GLOFs->Kill >5000 people/year in India-> Damage to infrastructure, farmlands, ecosystems-> Events rose from 132 (2020) → 184 (2022) — trend of intensification.
⚜️If soil is already wet → less infiltration → rapid runoff → flash flood. Climate Change Link
Each +1°C → +7% atmospheric moisture → more rain. Flash flood events doubled between 1981–2020. Monsoon (June–Sep) = 75% of all flash floods. Pre- & post-monsoon rainfall intensity ↑ 56% and 40%.
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🅾️Watershed management and Rain water harvesting are two nature based solutions for the problem of water conservation and insurance against flash floods- Case study : Ramrawas Kalan model- x Click here
🅾️Flash floods are sudden floods due to heavy rain or GLOFs->Kill >5000 people/year in India-> Damage to infrastructure, farmlands, ecosystems-> Events rose from 132 (2020) → 184 (2022) — trend of intensification.
⚜️If soil is already wet → less infiltration → rapid runoff → flash flood. Climate Change Link
Each +1°C → +7% atmospheric moisture → more rain. Flash flood events doubled between 1981–2020. Monsoon (June–Sep) = 75% of all flash floods. Pre- & post-monsoon rainfall intensity ↑ 56% and 40%.
🔰Join : @Geohighlights- for Geography news seggregated at one place
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-3 : Science and technology- Space- NISAR
🅾️What are Synthetic Aperture Radars (SAR)?
🅾️SARs use microwaves (not visible light) → work in all weather, day-night. They create high-resolution images using signal reflections (from terrain, ice, soil, forests, etc.). Advantage over optical satellites → penetration through clouds, vegetation, even ice or sand.
🅾️How do L-band and S-band radars differ?- Combining both allows multi-layered Earth observation — top surface + subsurface + vegetation.
🅾️Significance for India/ISRO- First satellite with dual-band SAR — unmatched Earth observation capability.
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@upschighlights for prelims info
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🅾️What are Synthetic Aperture Radars (SAR)?
🅾️SARs use microwaves (not visible light) → work in all weather, day-night. They create high-resolution images using signal reflections (from terrain, ice, soil, forests, etc.). Advantage over optical satellites → penetration through clouds, vegetation, even ice or sand.
🅾️How do L-band and S-band radars differ?- Combining both allows multi-layered Earth observation — top surface + subsurface + vegetation.
🅾️Significance for India/ISRO- First satellite with dual-band SAR — unmatched Earth observation capability.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
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✅Gs-3 : Science and technology- EXTREMELY INSIGHTFUL ARTICLE- especially for mains
✅Gs-3 : Infrastructure- Digital Infrastructure
🅾️Context :Digital India- Through quality products that has least human interface and maximum responsiveness- How?- Click here
⚠️India's unique Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI)—spanning Aadhaar, UPI, and Digilocker—has transformed citizen services, but its application to businesses remains limited. Why?- Because of government regulation- life is tough for entrepreneurs.
🅾️It can it can be a source of power and leverage in Diplomacy - Click here
✅What do we need to make this work?
⚜️1. Shift from a “prohibited until permitted” mindset to trust-based systems. States can push this reform as a non-fiscal lever to attract investment.
⚜️2. Narrow jail provisions to five criteria (e.g., physical harm, fraud).
🌟 Note :Learn about National Employer Compliance Grid (NECG)
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-3 : Infrastructure- Digital Infrastructure
🅾️Context :Digital India- Through quality products that has least human interface and maximum responsiveness- How?- Click here
⚠️India's unique Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI)—spanning Aadhaar, UPI, and Digilocker—has transformed citizen services, but its application to businesses remains limited. Why?- Because of government regulation- life is tough for entrepreneurs.
🅾️It can it can be a source of power and leverage in Diplomacy - Click here
✅What do we need to make this work?
⚜️1. Shift from a “prohibited until permitted” mindset to trust-based systems. States can push this reform as a non-fiscal lever to attract investment.
⚜️2. Narrow jail provisions to five criteria (e.g., physical harm, fraud).
🌟 Note :
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
Forwarded from VK IAS- UPSC Environment by Vikas kanukollu
✅Gs-3 : Conservation of species- Mangroves
🅾️Blue Carbon = Carbon captured by coastal/marine ecosystems-Mangroves = Both carbon sink and storm buffer.
🅾️India’s largest mangrove → Sundarbans (UNESCO WHS).
🅾️MISHTI = Announced in Budget 2023-24 → aligns with LiFE mission- Click here
⚠️Process to restore:
⚜️1.Site selection – via GIS, community mapping.
⚜️2.Hydrology restoration – e.g., reopening blocked creeks.
⚜️3.Planting native species – Rhizophora, Avicennia.
⚜️4.Community-led nursery management
⚜️5. Monitoring & adaptive feedback
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Blue Carbon = Carbon captured by coastal/marine ecosystems-Mangroves = Both carbon sink and storm buffer.
🅾️India’s largest mangrove → Sundarbans (UNESCO WHS).
🅾️MISHTI = Announced in Budget 2023-24 → aligns with LiFE mission- Click here
⚠️Process to restore:
⚜️1.Site selection – via GIS, community mapping.
⚜️2.Hydrology restoration – e.g., reopening blocked creeks.
⚜️3.Planting native species – Rhizophora, Avicennia.
⚜️4.Community-led nursery management
⚜️5. Monitoring & adaptive feedback
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
Forwarded from UPSC Economy by VK IAS (Vikas Kanukollu)
✅Gs-3 : Budgeting - Federalism
🅾️ Fiscal federalism - Financial accountability- Click here
🅾️Widening Fiscal Deficit of States- Primarily driven by revenue deficit, not capital expenditure. Indicates states are borrowing to fund non-productive expenditures, limiting future growth.
🎖Follow @economyhighlights for Economy articles.
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
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🅾️ Fiscal federalism - Financial accountability- Click here
🅾️Widening Fiscal Deficit of States- Primarily driven by revenue deficit, not capital expenditure. Indicates states are borrowing to fund non-productive expenditures, limiting future growth.
🎖Follow @economyhighlights for Economy articles.
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
Forwarded from UPSC Economy by VK IAS (Vikas Kanukollu)
✅Gs-3 : Mobilization of resources- DBT
✅Gs-2 : Govt schemes and Policies- Impact of DBT- Direct benefit transfer on governance
🅾️I am expecting this question in some format- You can use this as an example of good governance also.
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✅Gs-2 : Govt schemes and Policies- Impact of DBT- Direct benefit transfer on governance
🅾️I am expecting this question in some format- You can use this as an example of good governance also.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
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✅Gs-4 : Ethics- Applied Ethics
✅Gs-3 : Environment
🅾️Environmental ethics- ICJ ruling on Kyoto protocol - ICJ shows moral courage by upholding long-forgotten responsibilities of the Global North
🅾️Ruling restores faith_ in foundational climate agreements like UNFCCC, Kyoto – keeping promises alive
Ethics channel : https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-mrcWyE8pY2UyMDll
✅Gs-3 : Environment
🅾️Environmental ethics- ICJ ruling on Kyoto protocol - ICJ shows moral courage by upholding long-forgotten responsibilities of the Global North
🅾️Ruling restores faith_ in foundational climate agreements like UNFCCC, Kyoto – keeping promises alive
Ethics channel : https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-mrcWyE8pY2UyMDll
✅Gs-2 : IR- India- US trade relations
🅾️Impact of tariffs on India Us trade can be divided into :
🌟1. Services- Trump's admin did not target this because even he knows US needs Indian services!
🌟2. Goods- 25% tariff target is on these- especially on Gems and Jewellery, Agri products . They want less tariffs on imports from US to India- Especially GM SOY and CORN -We discussed this- click here
⚠️PRELIMS : IMPORTANCE OF SOYAMEAL- Click here and find out answers for those questions
🔰Things to do :
⚜️1. Agri-R&D Via PM Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana (PMDDKY)- Watch this video
⚜️2. Take a call on GM crops-Genetically Modified(GM ) Crops- Click here- (Also watch the videos i posted to explain the concepts in that article)
⚜️3. Export diversification- Click here
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Impact of tariffs on India Us trade can be divided into :
🌟1. Services- Trump's admin did not target this because even he knows US needs Indian services!
🌟2. Goods- 25% tariff target is on these- especially on Gems and Jewellery, Agri products . They want less tariffs on imports from US to India- Especially GM SOY and CORN -We discussed this- click here
⚠️PRELIMS : IMPORTANCE OF SOYAMEAL- Click here and find out answers for those questions
🔰Things to do :
⚜️1. Agri-R&D Via PM Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana (PMDDKY)- Watch this video
⚜️2. Take a call on GM crops-Genetically Modified(GM ) Crops- Click here- (Also watch the videos i posted to explain the concepts in that article)
⚜️3. Export diversification- Click here
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-2 : Governance- Case study- First AI powered anganwadi to bridge digital gap!- AI-powered Anganwadi at Waddhamna Village, Nagpur
⚠️ What Problems Can Anganwadis Solve If Strengthened
🅾️Bridge Learning Gaps Early
🅾️Fight Malnutrition and Track Growth
🅾️Empower Women Workers Locally
🅾️Reduce Digital Divide
🔰Proud to see my student's name here - https://www.tg-me.com/hinduhighlights/9047 :)
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
⚠️ What Problems Can Anganwadis Solve If Strengthened
🅾️Bridge Learning Gaps Early
🅾️Fight Malnutrition and Track Growth
🅾️Empower Women Workers Locally
🅾️Reduce Digital Divide
🔰Proud to see my student's name here - https://www.tg-me.com/hinduhighlights/9047 :)
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-3 : Money laundering- Role of Enforcement directorate.
🛑Background : role of Enforcement Directorate (ED) - Click here
🛑Vijay Madanlal Choudhary case (2022)-Watch this important Judgement on ED- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VPA8jrT6UuA
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🛑Background : role of Enforcement Directorate (ED) - Click here
🛑Vijay Madanlal Choudhary case (2022)-Watch this important Judgement on ED- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VPA8jrT6UuA
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs1- Geography- impact of climate change on geographical features- Click here
✅GS3- Disaster management
🅾️Char Dham Yatra- click here
🅾️Uttarakhand is an ecologically fragile region - for example- Chamoli Deluge- RAVI CHOPRA COMMITTEE- Click here
🔰What happened in Uttarkashi disaster?- Unstable mountain systems + extreme hydrometeorological stress + silt accumulation = sudden hazard explosion-> Prolonged rain (30 cm/day over 2–3 days) + loosened soil + unmonitored silt = a wall of destruction
🌟What’s flawed in the governance logic?-Mislabeling events as ‘cloudburst’ absolves administrative failure—> Lack of radar and IMD tools in high altitudes = no predictive capacity
🌟What to do?- Integrate silt and debris accumulation into early warning and infrastructure planning
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅GS3- Disaster management
🅾️Char Dham Yatra- click here
🅾️Uttarakhand is an ecologically fragile region - for example- Chamoli Deluge- RAVI CHOPRA COMMITTEE- Click here
🔰What happened in Uttarkashi disaster?- Unstable mountain systems + extreme hydrometeorological stress + silt accumulation = sudden hazard explosion-> Prolonged rain (30 cm/day over 2–3 days) + loosened soil + unmonitored silt = a wall of destruction
🌟What’s flawed in the governance logic?-Mislabeling events as ‘cloudburst’ absolves administrative failure—> Lack of radar and IMD tools in high altitudes = no predictive capacity
🌟What to do?- Integrate silt and debris accumulation into early warning and infrastructure planning
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-3 : Money Laundering- Everything you need to know about this topic in 20 odd minutes- Explained.
https://youtu.be/VGVk0qHhZOA
https://youtu.be/VGVk0qHhZOA
Forwarded from VK IAS by Vikas kanukollu (VK)