Forwarded from VK IAS Geography current Affairs for UPSC
✅Gs-1 : Geography
🅾️Watershed management and Rain water harvesting are two nature based solutions for the problem of water conservation and insurance against flash floods- Case study : Ramrawas Kalan model- x Click here
🅾️Flash floods are sudden floods due to heavy rain or GLOFs->Kill >5000 people/year in India-> Damage to infrastructure, farmlands, ecosystems-> Events rose from 132 (2020) → 184 (2022) — trend of intensification.
⚜️If soil is already wet → less infiltration → rapid runoff → flash flood. Climate Change Link
Each +1°C → +7% atmospheric moisture → more rain. Flash flood events doubled between 1981–2020. Monsoon (June–Sep) = 75% of all flash floods. Pre- & post-monsoon rainfall intensity ↑ 56% and 40%.
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🅾️Watershed management and Rain water harvesting are two nature based solutions for the problem of water conservation and insurance against flash floods- Case study : Ramrawas Kalan model- x Click here
🅾️Flash floods are sudden floods due to heavy rain or GLOFs->Kill >5000 people/year in India-> Damage to infrastructure, farmlands, ecosystems-> Events rose from 132 (2020) → 184 (2022) — trend of intensification.
⚜️If soil is already wet → less infiltration → rapid runoff → flash flood. Climate Change Link
Each +1°C → +7% atmospheric moisture → more rain. Flash flood events doubled between 1981–2020. Monsoon (June–Sep) = 75% of all flash floods. Pre- & post-monsoon rainfall intensity ↑ 56% and 40%.
🔰Join : @Geohighlights- for Geography news seggregated at one place
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✅Gs-3 : Science and technology- Space- NISAR
🅾️What are Synthetic Aperture Radars (SAR)?
🅾️SARs use microwaves (not visible light) → work in all weather, day-night. They create high-resolution images using signal reflections (from terrain, ice, soil, forests, etc.). Advantage over optical satellites → penetration through clouds, vegetation, even ice or sand.
🅾️How do L-band and S-band radars differ?- Combining both allows multi-layered Earth observation — top surface + subsurface + vegetation.
🅾️Significance for India/ISRO- First satellite with dual-band SAR — unmatched Earth observation capability.
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🅾️What are Synthetic Aperture Radars (SAR)?
🅾️SARs use microwaves (not visible light) → work in all weather, day-night. They create high-resolution images using signal reflections (from terrain, ice, soil, forests, etc.). Advantage over optical satellites → penetration through clouds, vegetation, even ice or sand.
🅾️How do L-band and S-band radars differ?- Combining both allows multi-layered Earth observation — top surface + subsurface + vegetation.
🅾️Significance for India/ISRO- First satellite with dual-band SAR — unmatched Earth observation capability.
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✅Gs-3 : Science and technology- EXTREMELY INSIGHTFUL ARTICLE- especially for mains
✅Gs-3 : Infrastructure- Digital Infrastructure
🅾️Context :Digital India- Through quality products that has least human interface and maximum responsiveness- How?- Click here
⚠️India's unique Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI)—spanning Aadhaar, UPI, and Digilocker—has transformed citizen services, but its application to businesses remains limited. Why?- Because of government regulation- life is tough for entrepreneurs.
🅾️It can it can be a source of power and leverage in Diplomacy - Click here
✅What do we need to make this work?
⚜️1. Shift from a “prohibited until permitted” mindset to trust-based systems. States can push this reform as a non-fiscal lever to attract investment.
⚜️2. Narrow jail provisions to five criteria (e.g., physical harm, fraud).
🌟 Note :Learn about National Employer Compliance Grid (NECG)
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✅Gs-3 : Infrastructure- Digital Infrastructure
🅾️Context :Digital India- Through quality products that has least human interface and maximum responsiveness- How?- Click here
⚠️India's unique Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI)—spanning Aadhaar, UPI, and Digilocker—has transformed citizen services, but its application to businesses remains limited. Why?- Because of government regulation- life is tough for entrepreneurs.
🅾️It can it can be a source of power and leverage in Diplomacy - Click here
✅What do we need to make this work?
⚜️1. Shift from a “prohibited until permitted” mindset to trust-based systems. States can push this reform as a non-fiscal lever to attract investment.
⚜️2. Narrow jail provisions to five criteria (e.g., physical harm, fraud).
🌟 Note :
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
Forwarded from VK IAS- UPSC Environment by Vikas kanukollu
✅Gs-3 : Conservation of species- Mangroves
🅾️Blue Carbon = Carbon captured by coastal/marine ecosystems-Mangroves = Both carbon sink and storm buffer.
🅾️India’s largest mangrove → Sundarbans (UNESCO WHS).
🅾️MISHTI = Announced in Budget 2023-24 → aligns with LiFE mission- Click here
⚠️Process to restore:
⚜️1.Site selection – via GIS, community mapping.
⚜️2.Hydrology restoration – e.g., reopening blocked creeks.
⚜️3.Planting native species – Rhizophora, Avicennia.
⚜️4.Community-led nursery management
⚜️5. Monitoring & adaptive feedback
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Blue Carbon = Carbon captured by coastal/marine ecosystems-Mangroves = Both carbon sink and storm buffer.
🅾️India’s largest mangrove → Sundarbans (UNESCO WHS).
🅾️MISHTI = Announced in Budget 2023-24 → aligns with LiFE mission- Click here
⚠️Process to restore:
⚜️1.Site selection – via GIS, community mapping.
⚜️2.Hydrology restoration – e.g., reopening blocked creeks.
⚜️3.Planting native species – Rhizophora, Avicennia.
⚜️4.Community-led nursery management
⚜️5. Monitoring & adaptive feedback
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
Forwarded from UPSC Economy by VK IAS (Vikas Kanukollu)
✅Gs-3 : Budgeting - Federalism
🅾️ Fiscal federalism - Financial accountability- Click here
🅾️Widening Fiscal Deficit of States- Primarily driven by revenue deficit, not capital expenditure. Indicates states are borrowing to fund non-productive expenditures, limiting future growth.
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🅾️ Fiscal federalism - Financial accountability- Click here
🅾️Widening Fiscal Deficit of States- Primarily driven by revenue deficit, not capital expenditure. Indicates states are borrowing to fund non-productive expenditures, limiting future growth.
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@hinduhighlights for News analysis
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Forwarded from UPSC Economy by VK IAS (Vikas Kanukollu)
✅Gs-3 : Mobilization of resources- DBT
✅Gs-2 : Govt schemes and Policies- Impact of DBT- Direct benefit transfer on governance
🅾️I am expecting this question in some format- You can use this as an example of good governance also.
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✅Gs-2 : Govt schemes and Policies- Impact of DBT- Direct benefit transfer on governance
🅾️I am expecting this question in some format- You can use this as an example of good governance also.
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✅Gs-4 : Ethics- Applied Ethics
✅Gs-3 : Environment
🅾️Environmental ethics- ICJ ruling on Kyoto protocol - ICJ shows moral courage by upholding long-forgotten responsibilities of the Global North
🅾️Ruling restores faith_ in foundational climate agreements like UNFCCC, Kyoto – keeping promises alive
Ethics channel : https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-mrcWyE8pY2UyMDll
✅Gs-3 : Environment
🅾️Environmental ethics- ICJ ruling on Kyoto protocol - ICJ shows moral courage by upholding long-forgotten responsibilities of the Global North
🅾️Ruling restores faith_ in foundational climate agreements like UNFCCC, Kyoto – keeping promises alive
Ethics channel : https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-mrcWyE8pY2UyMDll
✅Gs-2 : IR- India- US trade relations
🅾️Impact of tariffs on India Us trade can be divided into :
🌟1. Services- Trump's admin did not target this because even he knows US needs Indian services!
🌟2. Goods- 25% tariff target is on these- especially on Gems and Jewellery, Agri products . They want less tariffs on imports from US to India- Especially GM SOY and CORN -We discussed this- click here
⚠️PRELIMS : IMPORTANCE OF SOYAMEAL- Click here and find out answers for those questions
🔰Things to do :
⚜️1. Agri-R&D Via PM Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana (PMDDKY)- Watch this video
⚜️2. Take a call on GM crops-Genetically Modified(GM ) Crops- Click here- (Also watch the videos i posted to explain the concepts in that article)
⚜️3. Export diversification- Click here
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Impact of tariffs on India Us trade can be divided into :
🌟1. Services- Trump's admin did not target this because even he knows US needs Indian services!
🌟2. Goods- 25% tariff target is on these- especially on Gems and Jewellery, Agri products . They want less tariffs on imports from US to India- Especially GM SOY and CORN -We discussed this- click here
⚠️PRELIMS : IMPORTANCE OF SOYAMEAL- Click here and find out answers for those questions
🔰Things to do :
⚜️1. Agri-R&D Via PM Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana (PMDDKY)- Watch this video
⚜️2. Take a call on GM crops-Genetically Modified(GM ) Crops- Click here- (Also watch the videos i posted to explain the concepts in that article)
⚜️3. Export diversification- Click here
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-2 : Governance- Case study- First AI powered anganwadi to bridge digital gap!- AI-powered Anganwadi at Waddhamna Village, Nagpur
⚠️ What Problems Can Anganwadis Solve If Strengthened
🅾️Bridge Learning Gaps Early
🅾️Fight Malnutrition and Track Growth
🅾️Empower Women Workers Locally
🅾️Reduce Digital Divide
🔰Proud to see my student's name here - https://www.tg-me.com/hinduhighlights/9047 :)
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
⚠️ What Problems Can Anganwadis Solve If Strengthened
🅾️Bridge Learning Gaps Early
🅾️Fight Malnutrition and Track Growth
🅾️Empower Women Workers Locally
🅾️Reduce Digital Divide
🔰Proud to see my student's name here - https://www.tg-me.com/hinduhighlights/9047 :)
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-3 : Money laundering- Role of Enforcement directorate.
🛑Background : role of Enforcement Directorate (ED) - Click here
🛑Vijay Madanlal Choudhary case (2022)-Watch this important Judgement on ED- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VPA8jrT6UuA
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🛑Background : role of Enforcement Directorate (ED) - Click here
🛑Vijay Madanlal Choudhary case (2022)-Watch this important Judgement on ED- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VPA8jrT6UuA
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs1- Geography- impact of climate change on geographical features- Click here
✅GS3- Disaster management
🅾️Char Dham Yatra- click here
🅾️Uttarakhand is an ecologically fragile region - for example- Chamoli Deluge- RAVI CHOPRA COMMITTEE- Click here
🔰What happened in Uttarkashi disaster?- Unstable mountain systems + extreme hydrometeorological stress + silt accumulation = sudden hazard explosion-> Prolonged rain (30 cm/day over 2–3 days) + loosened soil + unmonitored silt = a wall of destruction
🌟What’s flawed in the governance logic?-Mislabeling events as ‘cloudburst’ absolves administrative failure—> Lack of radar and IMD tools in high altitudes = no predictive capacity
🌟What to do?- Integrate silt and debris accumulation into early warning and infrastructure planning
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✅GS3- Disaster management
🅾️Char Dham Yatra- click here
🅾️Uttarakhand is an ecologically fragile region - for example- Chamoli Deluge- RAVI CHOPRA COMMITTEE- Click here
🔰What happened in Uttarkashi disaster?- Unstable mountain systems + extreme hydrometeorological stress + silt accumulation = sudden hazard explosion-> Prolonged rain (30 cm/day over 2–3 days) + loosened soil + unmonitored silt = a wall of destruction
🌟What’s flawed in the governance logic?-Mislabeling events as ‘cloudburst’ absolves administrative failure—> Lack of radar and IMD tools in high altitudes = no predictive capacity
🌟What to do?- Integrate silt and debris accumulation into early warning and infrastructure planning
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-3 : Money Laundering- Everything you need to know about this topic in 20 odd minutes- Explained.
https://youtu.be/VGVk0qHhZOA
https://youtu.be/VGVk0qHhZOA
Forwarded from VK IAS by Vikas kanukollu (VK)
✅Gentle nudge and reminder :
🅾️August is the month where students get very relaxed. This is the month where lot of holidays begin- rakshabandhan, independence day, ganesh chaturdi etc .. then before you realise mains paper discussions will begin, you have the illusion of preparation chasing and consuming content mindlessly without tracking your outcomes.
🅾️This is the biggest tragedy of most UPSC aspirants... the illusion of preparation- especially the senior folks- just realise that the margin for error is close to zero. Are you tracking your progress? If yes how? It is time to face this uncomfortable question....
- VK.
🅾️August is the month where students get very relaxed. This is the month where lot of holidays begin- rakshabandhan, independence day, ganesh chaturdi etc .. then before you realise mains paper discussions will begin, you have the illusion of preparation chasing and consuming content mindlessly without tracking your outcomes.
🅾️This is the biggest tragedy of most UPSC aspirants... the illusion of preparation- especially the senior folks- just realise that the margin for error is close to zero. Are you tracking your progress? If yes how? It is time to face this uncomfortable question....
- VK.
✅Gs-2 : Role of civil society in developmental processes.
⚠️Ministry of Co-operation: Already mentioned that this is going to be a huge theme in coming days. - the idea of cooperative movement as a tool of Jan Andolan- Helps in building social capital- read here for the background- click here
🅾️Present context : National Cooperation Policy (NCP-2025) — first comprehensive policy in 23 years; aims to create an all-inclusive cooperative ecosystem.Cooperatives as inclusive, resilient, and member-owned economic entities — ideal to tackle inequality.
🅾️States/UTs are crucial for implementation -they must adapt NCP-2025 to local socio-economic and environmental contexts because NCP-2025 is linked to Viksit Bharat @ 2047 objectives: click here
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⚠️Ministry of Co-operation: Already mentioned that this is going to be a huge theme in coming days. - the idea of cooperative movement as a tool of Jan Andolan- Helps in building social capital- read here for the background- click here
🅾️Present context : National Cooperation Policy (NCP-2025) — first comprehensive policy in 23 years; aims to create an all-inclusive cooperative ecosystem.Cooperatives as inclusive, resilient, and member-owned economic entities — ideal to tackle inequality.
🅾️States/UTs are crucial for implementation -they must adapt NCP-2025 to local socio-economic and environmental contexts because NCP-2025 is linked to Viksit Bharat @ 2047 objectives: click here
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
How to use VK IAS Telegram Channel
https://youtu.be/uQFgrXte2eg
https://youtu.be/uQFgrXte2eg
YouTube
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✅UPSC CSE Mains 2025 Admit Card - Download below
https://upsconline.gov.in/eadmitcard/admitcard_csm_2025/
https://upsconline.gov.in/eadmitcard/admitcard_csm_2025/