🔆Sagar Island
✅Sagar Island, also known as Ganga Sagar or Sagardwip, is located in the Ganges delta on the continental shelf of the Bay of Bengal.
✅It consists of 43 villages and is separated from Mahisani Island by the River Muriganga Batala.
✅The island, along with Mahisani and Ghoramara, is classified under the sand group category.
✅It is a significant religious site for Hindus, especially during the Makar Sankranti festival, where pilgrims honor the Sun.
🔸The Kapil Muni Temple on the island is a major pilgrimage center.
✅Sagar Island, also known as Ganga Sagar or Sagardwip, is located in the Ganges delta on the continental shelf of the Bay of Bengal.
✅It consists of 43 villages and is separated from Mahisani Island by the River Muriganga Batala.
✅The island, along with Mahisani and Ghoramara, is classified under the sand group category.
✅It is a significant religious site for Hindus, especially during the Makar Sankranti festival, where pilgrims honor the Sun.
🔸The Kapil Muni Temple on the island is a major pilgrimage center.
🔆Greenland
✅Capital: Nuuk
✅Highest Point: Gunnbjorn’s Fjeld
✅Greenland is the world’s largest island, lying in the North Atlantic Ocean.
✅It is geographically part of the North American continent but politically associated with Europe as an autonomous territory of Denmark.
✅Borders: It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Greenland Sea to the east, the North Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, the Davis Strait to the southwest, Baffin Bay to the west, and the Nares Strait and Lincoln Sea to the northwest.
✅Greenland shares its maritime borders with Canada, Iceland and Norway.
✅Northeast Greenland National Park is the world’s largest national park.
✅Climate: Two-thirds of Greenland lies above the Arctic Circle, creating frigid climate year-round.
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✅Capital: Nuuk
✅Highest Point: Gunnbjorn’s Fjeld
✅Greenland is the world’s largest island, lying in the North Atlantic Ocean.
✅It is geographically part of the North American continent but politically associated with Europe as an autonomous territory of Denmark.
✅Borders: It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Greenland Sea to the east, the North Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, the Davis Strait to the southwest, Baffin Bay to the west, and the Nares Strait and Lincoln Sea to the northwest.
✅Greenland shares its maritime borders with Canada, Iceland and Norway.
✅Northeast Greenland National Park is the world’s largest national park.
✅Climate: Two-thirds of Greenland lies above the Arctic Circle, creating frigid climate year-round.
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Cameroon Islands
✅ Why in news: In Cameroon, the NGO Papaye International runs a sanctuary for the Orphaned Chimpanzees on three islands in the Douala-Edea national park.
✅Location: Cameroon is situated at the junction of western and central Africa.
✅Bordering Nations: Nigeria, Chad, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Gabon and Equatorial Guinea, and the Atlantic Ocean.
✅Geography: Diverse landscapes include northern savannas, central highlands, southern coastal plains, and western volcanic mountains (e.g., Mount Cameroon).
✅Drainage: Major rivers include Sanaga, Wouri, Nyong (Atlantic-bound), and Benue (flows into Nigeria’s Niger Basin).
✅Soil: Rich, fertile soils in the south and vulnerable, fertile soils in the north.
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✅ Why in news: In Cameroon, the NGO Papaye International runs a sanctuary for the Orphaned Chimpanzees on three islands in the Douala-Edea national park.
✅Location: Cameroon is situated at the junction of western and central Africa.
✅Bordering Nations: Nigeria, Chad, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Gabon and Equatorial Guinea, and the Atlantic Ocean.
✅Geography: Diverse landscapes include northern savannas, central highlands, southern coastal plains, and western volcanic mountains (e.g., Mount Cameroon).
✅Drainage: Major rivers include Sanaga, Wouri, Nyong (Atlantic-bound), and Benue (flows into Nigeria’s Niger Basin).
✅Soil: Rich, fertile soils in the south and vulnerable, fertile soils in the north.
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Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant:
✅Location: Situated in Rooppur, Ishwardi Upazila, Pabna District.
✅Built by: Constructed by Rosatom, Russia’s state nuclear corporation.
✅River bank: Located along the Padma River.
✅Total capacity: 2.4 GWe.
Comprises two units of VVER-1200 reactors.
✅Expected to become operational by 2025, making it Bangladesh’s first nuclear power plant
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✅Location: Situated in Rooppur, Ishwardi Upazila, Pabna District.
✅Built by: Constructed by Rosatom, Russia’s state nuclear corporation.
✅River bank: Located along the Padma River.
✅Total capacity: 2.4 GWe.
Comprises two units of VVER-1200 reactors.
✅Expected to become operational by 2025, making it Bangladesh’s first nuclear power plant
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Denali Fault
✅ The Denali Fault in southern Alaska has been a significant factor in shaping Earth’s geological evolution.
✅Tectonic Movement: Over millions of years, horizontal movement along the fault caused a displacement of over 483 km, resulting in the separation of this unified feature
Tectonic Setting: It forms a boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate.
✅The Pacific Plate is actively subducting (sliding under) the North American Plate, leading to immense geological stress and deformation in the region.
✅Seismic Activity: The Denali Fault was the source of a magnitude 7.9 earthquake in 2002.
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✅ The Denali Fault in southern Alaska has been a significant factor in shaping Earth’s geological evolution.
✅Tectonic Movement: Over millions of years, horizontal movement along the fault caused a displacement of over 483 km, resulting in the separation of this unified feature
Tectonic Setting: It forms a boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate.
✅The Pacific Plate is actively subducting (sliding under) the North American Plate, leading to immense geological stress and deformation in the region.
✅Seismic Activity: The Denali Fault was the source of a magnitude 7.9 earthquake in 2002.
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🔆Bab al-Mandab Strait
✅It is a strait that connects the Red Sea (northwest) with the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean (southeast).
✅It is located between Arabia (northeast) and Africa (southwest).
✅It is an important strategic connection in the marine commerce route connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean via the Red Sea and the Suez Canal.
✅It is one of the world's most important seaborne commodity shipping routes, primarily for crude oil and petroleum.
✅Yemen borders it on the Arabian Peninsula, and Djibouti and Eritrea border it on the African coast.
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✅It is a strait that connects the Red Sea (northwest) with the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean (southeast).
✅It is located between Arabia (northeast) and Africa (southwest).
✅It is an important strategic connection in the marine commerce route connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean via the Red Sea and the Suez Canal.
✅It is one of the world's most important seaborne commodity shipping routes, primarily for crude oil and petroleum.
✅Yemen borders it on the Arabian Peninsula, and Djibouti and Eritrea border it on the African coast.
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🔆Saraswati River
✅The river is mentioned over 80 times in the Rigveda and is believed to have dried up more than 5,000 years ago due to climatic and tectonic shifts.
✅It originated in the Himalayas and flowed through Haryana, Rajasthan, North Gujarat, and Pakistan before reaching the Gulf at the Western Sea, spanning approximately 4,000 km.
✅The river had two branches—western and eastern—that joined at Shatrana, 25 km south of Patiala.
✅The western branch, represented by the ancient Satluj, flowed through the channels of the present-day Ghaggar-Patialiwali rivulets.
🔸The eastern branch, supported by the Markanda and Sarsuti rivers, is now known as the Tons-Yamuna rivers.
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✅The river is mentioned over 80 times in the Rigveda and is believed to have dried up more than 5,000 years ago due to climatic and tectonic shifts.
✅It originated in the Himalayas and flowed through Haryana, Rajasthan, North Gujarat, and Pakistan before reaching the Gulf at the Western Sea, spanning approximately 4,000 km.
✅The river had two branches—western and eastern—that joined at Shatrana, 25 km south of Patiala.
✅The western branch, represented by the ancient Satluj, flowed through the channels of the present-day Ghaggar-Patialiwali rivulets.
🔸The eastern branch, supported by the Markanda and Sarsuti rivers, is now known as the Tons-Yamuna rivers.
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Gomti River
✅It is a tributary of the Ganges (Ganga) River, flowing entirely through the state of Uttar Pradesh.
✅The Gomti River originates from the Gomat Taal, otherwise called Fulhaar Jheel, which is found near the Madho Tanda in the Pilibhit district in Uttar Pradesh.
✅The river drains the area betweenriver Ramganga and Sharda.
✅It has a length of about 960 km.
✅The popular Markandey Mahadev Temple is located at the confluence (Sangam) of the rivers Ganga and Gomti.
✅Major tributaries of the Gomti river include the Sai River, Saryu River, Chowka River etc.
✅Cities located on the bank of the Gomti river include Lucknow, Sultanpur, Lakhimpur Kheri, Jaunpur.
✅The river is polluted at several points due to discharge of industrial waste, sewage, and residential wastewater into the river
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✅It is a tributary of the Ganges (Ganga) River, flowing entirely through the state of Uttar Pradesh.
✅The Gomti River originates from the Gomat Taal, otherwise called Fulhaar Jheel, which is found near the Madho Tanda in the Pilibhit district in Uttar Pradesh.
✅The river drains the area betweenriver Ramganga and Sharda.
✅It has a length of about 960 km.
✅The popular Markandey Mahadev Temple is located at the confluence (Sangam) of the rivers Ganga and Gomti.
✅Major tributaries of the Gomti river include the Sai River, Saryu River, Chowka River etc.
✅Cities located on the bank of the Gomti river include Lucknow, Sultanpur, Lakhimpur Kheri, Jaunpur.
✅The river is polluted at several points due to discharge of industrial waste, sewage, and residential wastewater into the river
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🔆 Red Sea
✅It (also the Erythraean Sea) is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia.
✅The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden.
✅To the north lie the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Gulf of Suez (leading to the Suez Canal).
✅Bordering countries are:
Eastern shore: Saudi Arabia, Yemen Western shore: Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti.
Tricks - DESSEY
✅D: Djibouti
✅E: Eritrea
✅S: Sudan
✅S: Saudi Arabia
✅E: Egypt
✅Y: Yemen
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✅It (also the Erythraean Sea) is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia.
✅The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden.
✅To the north lie the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Gulf of Suez (leading to the Suez Canal).
✅Bordering countries are:
Eastern shore: Saudi Arabia, Yemen Western shore: Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti.
Tricks - DESSEY
✅D: Djibouti
✅E: Eritrea
✅S: Sudan
✅S: Saudi Arabia
✅E: Egypt
✅Y: Yemen
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Ecuador
✅Location: It is situated in western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia and Peru.
✅Capital : Quito
✅Highest point: Mount Chimborazo
✅Major Rivers : The Babahoyo, Chira, Coca, Curaray, Daule, Esmeraldas, Guayas, Napo, Paztaza and the Putumayo.
✅It is known for its diverse and stunning landscapes, which include the vast Amazon jungle, the towering Andean highlands, and the Galápagos Islands, a UNESCO World Heritage site renowned for its unique wildlife.
✅Ecuador has also been associated with illegal drug trade activities.
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✅Location: It is situated in western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia and Peru.
✅Capital : Quito
✅Highest point: Mount Chimborazo
✅Major Rivers : The Babahoyo, Chira, Coca, Curaray, Daule, Esmeraldas, Guayas, Napo, Paztaza and the Putumayo.
✅It is known for its diverse and stunning landscapes, which include the vast Amazon jungle, the towering Andean highlands, and the Galápagos Islands, a UNESCO World Heritage site renowned for its unique wildlife.
✅Ecuador has also been associated with illegal drug trade activities.
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🔆Countries bordering Ukraine
Tricks BeSHRaM RuPi
✅B : Belarus
✅S : Slovakia
✅H : hungry
✅R : Romania
✅M : Moldova
✅R : Russia
✅P : Poland
places in news
✅Donetsk
✅Luhansk
✅Kherson
✅Zaporizhzhia
✅Mariupol
✅Kharkiv
✅Odessa
✅Kyiv
✅Lviv
✅Crimea
✅Snake Island
[ Mariupol and Odessa port cities ]
✅ Crimea that Russia annexed in 2014, Russia
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Tricks BeSHRaM RuPi
✅B : Belarus
✅S : Slovakia
✅H : hungry
✅R : Romania
✅M : Moldova
✅R : Russia
✅P : Poland
places in news
✅Donetsk
✅Luhansk
✅Kherson
✅Zaporizhzhia
✅Mariupol
✅Kharkiv
✅Odessa
✅Kyiv
✅Lviv
✅Crimea
✅Snake Island
[ Mariupol and Odessa port cities ]
✅ Crimea that Russia annexed in 2014, Russia
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🔆Tanzania
✅ Location: Located in East Africa, Tanzania borders the Indian Ocean to the east and shares land borders with Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique.
✅ Capital: Dodoma (official), Dar es Salaam (commercial hub).
✅ Highest Point: Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest peak in Africa.
✅ Major Rivers: Rufiji, Ruvuma, Malagarasi, and Pangani.
✅ Lakes: Includes Lake Victoria (largest in Africa), Lake Tanganyika, and Lake Nyasa (Malawi).
✅ Biodiversity: Home to Serengeti National Park, Ngorongoro Crater, and Zanzibar Archipelago; rich in unique wildlife and ecosystems.
✅ Economic Importance: Known for tourism, agriculture, and mining, with gold being a major export.
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✅ Location: Located in East Africa, Tanzania borders the Indian Ocean to the east and shares land borders with Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique.
✅ Capital: Dodoma (official), Dar es Salaam (commercial hub).
✅ Highest Point: Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest peak in Africa.
✅ Major Rivers: Rufiji, Ruvuma, Malagarasi, and Pangani.
✅ Lakes: Includes Lake Victoria (largest in Africa), Lake Tanganyika, and Lake Nyasa (Malawi).
✅ Biodiversity: Home to Serengeti National Park, Ngorongoro Crater, and Zanzibar Archipelago; rich in unique wildlife and ecosystems.
✅ Economic Importance: Known for tourism, agriculture, and mining, with gold being a major export.
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Parbati-Kalisindh-Chambal (PKC) Link Project:
✅Why in news: An inter-state river-linking project combining the PKC link and Eastern Rajasthan Canal Project (ERCP).
✅Launched in: Conceived in 2017 and modified in 2023.
✅Aim: To optimize water resources for irrigation, drinking, and industrial use, benefiting people in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.
📍Features:
✅Total cost: ₹72,000 crore (90% by the Central Government).
✅Provides 4,100 MCM water to Rajasthan and 3,000 MCM to Madhya Pradesh.
✅Rivers involved: Chambal, Parbati, Kalisindh, Banas, and their tributaries.
📍Chambal River:
✅Origin: Singar Chouri Peak, Vindhya Mountains, Madhya Pradesh.
✅Tributaries: Banas, Kali Sindh, Parbati, Sipra, and Mej Rivers.
📍Parbati River:
✅Origin: Vindhya Range, Sehore District, Madhya Pradesh.
✅Tributaries: Kuno, Parwan, and Seep Rivers.
📍Kali Sindh River:
✅Origin: Bagli, Dewas District, Madhya Pradesh.
✅Tributaries: Newaj, Ahu, and Parwan Rivers.
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✅Why in news: An inter-state river-linking project combining the PKC link and Eastern Rajasthan Canal Project (ERCP).
✅Launched in: Conceived in 2017 and modified in 2023.
✅Aim: To optimize water resources for irrigation, drinking, and industrial use, benefiting people in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.
📍Features:
✅Total cost: ₹72,000 crore (90% by the Central Government).
✅Provides 4,100 MCM water to Rajasthan and 3,000 MCM to Madhya Pradesh.
✅Rivers involved: Chambal, Parbati, Kalisindh, Banas, and their tributaries.
📍Chambal River:
✅Origin: Singar Chouri Peak, Vindhya Mountains, Madhya Pradesh.
✅Tributaries: Banas, Kali Sindh, Parbati, Sipra, and Mej Rivers.
📍Parbati River:
✅Origin: Vindhya Range, Sehore District, Madhya Pradesh.
✅Tributaries: Kuno, Parwan, and Seep Rivers.
📍Kali Sindh River:
✅Origin: Bagli, Dewas District, Madhya Pradesh.
✅Tributaries: Newaj, Ahu, and Parwan Rivers.
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