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ุงู„ุฃุฎุทุงุก ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ู„ุทุจูŠุจ ุงู„ุญูˆุงุฏุซ :

๐Ÿ‘ˆุชุนุฑู ุงู„ุญุจูˆุจ ุงู„ู…ุณูƒู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ "ุงู„ุจุฑูˆููŠู† ุงูˆ ุงู„ููˆู„ุชุฑูŠู† "ุงูˆ ุญู‚ู†ู† ููˆุชุฑูƒุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุช ุงุฏูŠุชุง ู„ุนูŠุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุตุฏุงุน ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุณุจุจ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุนู†ุงูŠุฉ ู…ูƒุซูุฉ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฏู‚ุงูŠู‚ ู„ุงู†ูƒ ู…ุง ูƒู„ูุช ู†ูุณูƒ ุชุณุฃู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ "ุงุฒู…ู‡ ุงูˆ ุฑุจูˆ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง " ูˆ ุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆููŠู† ุฏู‡ ุฒุงุฏ ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุณุงุณูŠู‡ ูˆู‚ูู„ ุงู„ุดุนุจ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠู‡ ูˆุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู‡ ูุดู„ ููŠ ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ุชู†ูุณ respiratory failure!
ู…ุงุชุณุชุบุฑุจ ุฃุฎุฏู‡ุง ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู…ุคูƒุฏุฉ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡.

๐Ÿ‘ˆู…ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑูˆ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฏุงูƒ ูˆุฌุงูƒ ุจูŠุดุชูƒูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุจุทู† ูˆุงู†ุช ู…ุดูŠุชูˆ ูˆุฎุฑุฌุชูˆ ูˆุงุฏูŠุชูˆ ุฏูˆุง ุญู…ูˆุถู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู…ูˆุช ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฏู‚ุงูŠู‚ ุจุฑุถูˆ ู„ุงู†ูƒ ูƒุณู„ุช ุชุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ " ุฑุณู… ู‚ู„ุจ "ูƒู†ุช ุณุงุนุชู‡ุง ู‡ุชุนุฑู ุงู†ูˆ ุณุจุจ ุงู„ู… ุงู„ุจุทู† ูƒุงู† "ุฌู„ุทู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ"ู…ุด "ุญู…ูˆุถู‡"...ู„ุงู† ุฃู„ู… ุงู„ุจุทู† ู…ู†
Atypical presentation of acute coronary syndrome!

๐Ÿ‘ˆุงูˆ ุงู„ุดุงุจ ุงู„ุฌุงูƒ ุจุฃู„ู… ููŠ ุตุฏุฑู‡..ูˆุฑุณู… ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุทู„ุน ูƒูˆูŠุณ
..ูˆู‚ู„ุช ู„ูŠู‡ูˆุงู†ู‡ Musculoskeletal pain or
atypical chest pain
ูˆ ุทู„ุนุชูˆ
ูˆุฎุฑุฌุชูˆ.
ูˆ ุฌุงูƒ ุจุนุฏ ุดูˆูŠู‡ ุจRespiartory failure....
ู„ุงู†ูƒ ู„ูˆ ุณู…ุนุช ุตุฏุฑู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูƒู†ุช ู‡ุชูƒุชุดู ุงู† ููŠู‡
Decreased air entry...
ูˆ ุจุฃุดุนู‡ ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตุฏุฑ ูƒู†ุช ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ..
Pneumothorax
ู‡ุง ูŠุทู„ุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆูŠูƒูˆุฑูƒ ู‡ุณูŠ ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ
History of trauma
ุงู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ ุญุงุฌู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
Primary spontanous pneumothorax with no apparent cause!! ูˆุฏู‰ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูู‰ ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ

๐Ÿ‘ˆุงูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ุฌุงูƒ ุจุตุฏุงุน ูˆ ุฒุบู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุนูŠูˆู†ูˆ..ูˆุงุฏูŠุชูˆ ู…ุณูƒู† ูˆู‚ู„ุช ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ ูŠุฌูŠ ุนูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆู† ุชุงู†ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุง ุชู‚ูŠุณ ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ ุถุบุทูˆ ูƒู†ุช ู‡ุชูƒุชุดู ุงู†ูˆ
Hypertensive crisis...hypertensive retinopathy

๐Ÿ‘ˆุงุฑุฌุน_ุจุงู„ุฐุงูƒุฑู‡ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ุฌุงูƒ ุงู„ุญูˆุงุฏุซ
3 ุตุจุงุญุง ุจูŠ ุฏูˆุฎู‡ ุญุงุฏุฉ..
acute dizziness
ูˆุงู†ุช ุฑุบู… ุงู† ุถุบุทู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุฑูƒุจุช ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ ุฏุฑุจ ูˆุทู„ุนุชูˆ ูˆุงู†ุช ู…ูุชูƒุฑ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠู…ุซู„ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุฏู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู…ูˆุช ุชุงู†ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ู„ุงู†ูƒ ู…ุงุทู„ุจุช ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ "ุงุดุนุฉ ู…ู‚ุทุนูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฎ"ูƒู†ุช ู‡ุชูƒุชุดู ุงู†ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ "ู†ุฒูŠู ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎ"ูˆุงู†ู‡ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุจูŠู…ุซู„ ูˆู„ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ.
ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ุฌุงูƒ ุจ ุทุฑุงุด ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ"ูˆ ุงู†ุช ุงุฏูŠุชูˆ ุฏูˆุงุก ุทุฑุงุด ูˆ ุทู„ุนุชูˆ ูˆุฌุงูƒ ุชุงู†ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ุจ
Uremic pulmonary edema
ุนู„ุดุงู† ุงู†ุช ู…ุง ุณุงู„ุชูˆ ุนู†
uremic symptoms
ูˆ ู…ุง ุณุญุจุช ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ ูุญุต ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠ ู„ุงู†ูƒ ูƒู†ุช ุญุงุชุดูˆู ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุฏุงูƒ
ุงู†ู‡acute renal failure

๐Ÿ‘ˆุงู„ุนูŠุงู†ู‡_ุงู„ุญุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุฌุงุช
Tachypneaูˆ dyspnea
ูˆ ุงู†ุช ุฎุฑุฌุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุนู„ูŠ ุงุณุงุณ ุงู† ุฑุงุฌู„ู‡ุง ู…ุฒุนู„ู‡ุง..ู…ุง ุฎุทุฑ ููŠ ุจุงู„ูƒ ุงู†ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† pulmonary embolism
ูˆุงู† ุงู„
Pregnancy is a risk factor for pulmonary embolism
ู…ุชุฏูƒุฑ ุจุฑุถูˆ๐Ÿ‘ˆุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ุจูŠุบุณู„ ูƒู„ูŠ ูˆู…ุฑูƒุจ
A_V fistula..
ูˆ ุฌุงูƒ ุจุญู…ูŠ ูˆุงู†ุช ุณู…ุนุช ุตุฏุฑู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณ..ูˆุฎุฑุฌุชูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุถุงุฏ ุญูŠูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุง ุชุนุฑู ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุญู…ูŠ ..ู…ุน ุงู†ูƒ ู„ูˆ ูƒู†ุช ูุญุตุช ูŠุฏู‡ ูƒู†ุช ู‡ุง ุชูƒุชุดู ุงู† ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุญู…ูŠ
Infected A_V fistula!!!

๐Ÿ‘ˆู…ุฑูŠุถ_ุงู„ุถุบุท ุงู„ุฌุงูƒ ูŠุดุชูƒูŠ ู…ู† ูƒุญุฉ ู†ุงุดูุฉ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุฉ..ูˆุงู†ุช ุนู…ู„ุช ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ chest x_ray..
ูˆุทู„ุน ูƒูˆูŠุณ
ูˆูƒุดูุช ุฃู†ู ูˆ ุฃุฐู† ูˆุทู„ุน ุจุฑุถูˆ ูƒูˆูŠุณ...ู‚ู…ุช ุณุนุงุฏุชูƒ ุดูƒูŠุช ููŠ..
Gastroesophageal eflux disease.
ูุนู…ู„ุช ู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู†ุธุงุฑ ุนู„ูˆูŠ ุทู„ุน normal
ู…ุน ุงู†ูƒ ุจุจุณุงุทู‡ ู„ูˆ ุณุงู„ุชู‡ ุนู† ุงู„..drug history
ูƒู†ุช ู‡ุชูˆูุฑ ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ูˆู‚ุฑูˆุดูˆ ู„ุงู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ู‡ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠูƒ ุงู†ูˆ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ..ACEI..ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูƒุงุจุชูˆุจุฑูŠู„ ูˆุงู„ุงูŠู†ุงู„ุงุจุฑูŠู„ ูˆู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุชู‡ู…...ูˆู‡ูŠ ุฏูŠ
The cause of chronic dry cough

๐Ÿ‘ˆุฃูˆ ู…ุฑูŠุถู‡ ุฑูˆู…ุงุชุฒู… ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ุฌุงุชูƒ ุจ
Unexplained fever
ูˆ ุงู†ุช ุฎุฑุฌุชู‡ุง ุณุงุงุงูŠ ู…ุน ุงู† ููŠู‡ ู‚ุงุนุฏู‡ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„
Any Rheumatic heart disease Pt with unexplianed fever shoud be considered infective endocarditis until proved otherwise!!!
๐Ÿ‘ˆุงู„ูƒุงุฑุซู‡_ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠ ุงู„ุฌุงูƒ ุจูŠ ุบูŠุจูˆุจุฉ ูˆุงู†ุช ุฎู„ูŠุชูˆ ูŠู„ู ูˆูŠุนู…ู„ ุฃุดุนุงุช ูˆูุญูˆุตุงุช ูˆุชุญุงู„ูŠู„ ุณุงุนุฉ ูˆุฑุง ุณุงุนุฉ ูˆูˆุณุท ุฏู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ ู†ุณูŠุช ุชู‚ูŠุณ ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ..ูƒู†ุช ู‡ุง ุชู„ู‚ูŠ ุงู†ูˆ ุฏูŠ
Hypoglycemic coma
ุฎุทุง ุฒูŠ ุฏู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจูƒูˆู† ุณุจุจ ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูŠุนูŠุด ุทูˆู„ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ููŠ ุบูŠุจูˆุจู‡ ู„ุฃู†prolonged hypoglycemia ุจุชุนู…ู„
Irrversible brain damage

ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุฏูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ..ู…ุงุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ู‡ ุจุชุฎุตุตูƒ ุงูˆ ุฏุฑุฌุชูƒ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุงูˆ ู…ุณุชุดููŠ ู†ูˆุนูˆ ุดู†ูˆ ุงูˆ ุงู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุงุช ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ูƒูŠู ..ู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุณ ุนู„ุงู‚ู‡ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ุชููƒูŠุฑูƒ ...ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุนุงู„ุฌ "ู…ุฑุถ" ูˆ "ู…ุฑูŠุถ" ูˆ ู…ุง ุชุนุงู„ุฌ ุฃุนุฑุงุถ
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"ุงู†ุช ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุถู…ูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ูุชุฑุถ ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
ุฎู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ูƒ ุงุญูŠุงู†ุง ุงู„ุฌู‡ู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุฑุญู… ู…ู† ู†ุตู ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงูˆ ุงุฏุนุงุก ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ
"ุฑุจู†ุง ู„ุง ุชุคุงุฎุฐู†ุง ุจู…ุง ู†ุณูŠู†ุง ุงูˆ ุงุฎุทุฃู†ุง...ุฑุจู†ุง ู„ุง ุชุฌุนู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุถู„ ุณุนูŠู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุญูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ูˆ ู‡ู… ูŠุญุณุจูˆู† ุงู†ู‡ู… ูŠุญุณู†ูˆู† ุตู†ุนุง"... ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุขู…ูŠู†.

ู…ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู„ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ....
๐Ÿ’‰Causes of neonatal cyanosis:
A- with increased work of breathing :
PULMONARY e.g.
โ€ข sever RDS.
โ€ข congenital pneumonia.
โ€ข meconium aspiration syndrome.
โ€ข pneumothorax.
โ€ข Diaphragmatic hernia.
โ€ข persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn.
CARDIAC:
โ€ข congenital cyanotic heart disease with increase pulmonary blood flow e.g. TGA, VSD.
โ€ข congenital heart disease with critical obstruction.
B- With normal work of breathing :
โ€ข Cardiac :congenital cyanotic heart disease with decrease pulmonary blood flow.
โ€ข Hematologic: polycythemia and met hemoglobin snow.
C- With decreased work of breathing :
โ€ข central respiratory failure.
Forwarded from IN Medicine (Mr. Me)
Ischaemic heart disease :
Is a group of diseases due to myocardial ischemia ...include ๐Ÿ‘‡
1: Angina pectoris
2: Myocardial infarction
3: Sudden death ๐Ÿ™Š
4: Chronic ischemia & heart failure
5: Arrhythmia
Forwarded from ๐Ÿ“š๐Ÿ’Š MEDIZZY ๐Ÿ”ฌ๐Ÿ’‰ (๐Ÿ˜€MOHAMMED Al~SHIBANI๐Ÿ˜€๐ŸŒน)
๐Ÿค Arachidonic Acid converts to Prostaglandins by enzyme called cyclooxygenase (COX).

โ€ขProstaglandins :
-Hypothalamusโ†’ Increases Temp.
-Immune systemโ†’ inflammation
-Nerves โ†’ pain
-Blood โ†’ clotting
-Vessels โ†’ vasodilator and vasoconstrictor by different types of PGs.
-Stomach โ†’ Increases production of mucus membrane.
--_______
โ€ขSO Aspirin Blocks COX :
relieving pain ,fever and inflammation.
โ€ขSide effects :
-Low blood clotting
-Gastric ulcer by reducing stomach secretions.
-And by blocking COX there will be more essential Fatty Acid for Lipooxigenasa LOX producing Leukotriene one of its actions increases bronchial secretion โ†’ narrowing , itโ€™s very dangerous for Asthmatic patients and it could be fatal.

Best wishes ๐Ÿค 
Forwarded from ๐Ÿ“š๐Ÿ’Š MEDIZZY ๐Ÿ”ฌ๐Ÿ’‰ (๐Ÿ˜€MOHAMMED Al~SHIBANI๐Ÿ˜€๐ŸŒน)
๐Ÿ’Š *Treatment of* ๐Ÿ’‰

๐Ÿค  *ACUTE BRONCHITIS*๐Ÿค 
๐Ÿ”ฐ By:
โ™จ๏ธ *Antibiotics ( antivaril )*๐Ÿ’Š
*(With varial infaction)*
โ™จ๏ธ *Inhaled bronchodilators DRUG* ๐Ÿ’Š
โ™จ๏ธ *Antitussive DRUG*๐Ÿ’Š
 
ใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐ
๐Ÿ‘โ€๐Ÿ—จIf the infaction by viruses can use
๐Ÿ’  Antibiotics ( antivaril )

๐Ÿค  *Amantadine and Rimantadine*
โœ”๏ธ(are effective for influenza A)

And ๐Ÿค  *Neuraminidase inhibitors, inhaled Zanamivir*
ใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐ
๐Ÿค - *oral oseltamivir (Tamiflu)* ยฎ
โœ”๏ธ(are effective for influenzas A and B)

โš ๏ธ *NOTE* 1โƒฃ
( In patient who present within 48 hours of onset of symptoms influenza should be considered as effective therapy is available for acute bronchitis caused by influenzas A or B)๐Ÿ’ฏ

โš ๏ธ *NOTE* 2โƒฃ
(If these medications are use within the first 48 hours of symptom the duration of illness can be shortened.)โ˜น๏ธ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

โš ๏ธ *NOTE* 3โƒฃ
( FIND children and patients with ๐Ÿคฎcolored sputum๐Ÿคฎ found that they ๐Ÿšซ did not benefit from antibiotics !?!๐Ÿ˜ฑ
๐Ÿ‘โ€๐Ÿ—จAND Smokers ๐Ÿšฌwith acute bronchitis are even more likely to be prescribed antibiotics   Their response to antibiotics was either equal to or worse than that of nonsmokers!?๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿ‘ฆโ€๐Ÿ‘ฆ)

๐Ÿ’ญ *U will ask me why*?๐Ÿค 
โ™ป๏ธBecz overuse of antibiotics is the concern by dactor about patient satisfactionโ€ฆโ˜น๏ธ

๐Ÿ’ฏ The Alternative from ANTIBIOTICS is
๐Ÿ”– *( patient education)*๐Ÿ”–
*Patient education* should include information regarding the duration of symptoms associated with acute bronchitis . Ex
๐Ÿ‘โ€๐Ÿ—จ *(average after 9 days of cough to 12 day)*
๐Ÿ’ฏThis information can impart a realistic expectation of illness duration to the patient.๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ๐Ÿ‘Œ

๐Ÿ’ฏ *((Patient education is an integral part of the treatment, and patients should receive information that provides realistic expectation sregarding the duration of cough)*
ใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐ
๐Ÿ’  Inhaled bronchodilators DRUG๐Ÿ’Š

๐Ÿค  *inhaled b2-agonists (salbutamol ) VENTAL INH..*
ใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐ
๐Ÿ’  Antitussive DRUG .๐Ÿ’ŠEx/

๐Ÿ’Š *DEXTROMETHORPHAN*

๐Ÿ’Š *TESSALON .*

๐Ÿ’Š *CODENE*

โš ๏ธ *NOTE :*
๐Ÿ“Ž *(Antitussive agents have not been shown to improve the acute or early cough but did show some improvements in cough lasting longer than 3 weeks)* ๐Ÿ˜ข
ใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐ
๐Ÿ’ข *AGAIN*๐Ÿ’ข
โœ”๏ธ *((Patient education is an integral part of the treatment, and patients should receive information that provides realistic expectation regarding the duration of cough)))*๐Ÿค 
ใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐ
๐Ÿ“š *REFERENCES โ€ฆ*

๐Ÿ“˜ *BNF 73 PDF*

๐Ÿ“ฑ *MEDSCAPE APP*

๐Ÿ“— *Goodman & Gilmanโ€™s The Pharmacological Basis of THERAPEUTICS*
ใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐ
๐Ÿ“By:
โœ’ *MOHAMMED AL-SHIBANI*๐Ÿ‘จ๐Ÿค โš•

* Dr/ MARAM*๐Ÿ‘ฉ๐Ÿค“โš•

๐Ÿค  *Best waishes*๐Ÿค“

ใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐใ€ฐ
Forwarded from ู„ู‚ุฏ ูˆู‚ุนู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจ (ุฃุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฑูŠ)
โ‡๏ธ#head
ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุงุช ุชุณุงุนุฏูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญูุธ.
1โƒฃBrain regions
five major regions of the brain.
ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ูƒู„ ุญุฑู ู…ู† ุงูˆู„ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡
๐Ÿ”ตToddlerโ€™s Messy Diapers Turn Yellow8

โž–Toddlers Telencephalon
โž–Messy Mesencephalon โž–Diapers Diencephalon โž–Turn meTencephalon โž–Yellow mYencephalon


2โƒฃVentral and dorsal spinal columns

๐Ÿ”ต cars ๐Ÿš™ ๐Ÿ‘ˆ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ

โž–The motor is in the front (ventral) of most
โž–Sensory Sensory modalities are dorSal


3โƒฃ The cranial nerves
ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ูƒู„ ุญุฑู ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡
๐Ÿ”ต On Old Olympusโ€™s Towering Top, A Finn Vith German Viewed A House

โž–On : Olfactory Ist cranial nerve
โž–Old : Optic IInd cranial nerve
โž–Olympusโ€™s : Oculomotor IIIrd cranial nerve
โž–Towering : Trochlear IVth cranial nerve
โž– Top : Trigeminal Vth cranial nerve
โž– A : Abducens VIth cranial nerve
โž– Finn : Facial VIIth cranial nerve
โž–Vith : Vestibulocochlear VIIIth cranial nerve
โž– German :
Glossopharyngeal IXth cranial nerve
โž– Viewed : Vagus Xth cranial nerve
โž– A : Accessory XIth cranial nerve
โž– House : Hypoglossal XIIth cranial nerve

4โƒฃ How can one remember which ones are sensory or which are motor or which are both?

ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡
๐Ÿ”ต Some Say Marry Money But My Bride Says Big Balls Matter More

โž–Some : Sensory Ist cranial nerve
โž– Say : Sensory IInd cranial nerve
โž– Marry : Motor IIIrd cranial nerve
โž– Money : Motor IVth cranial nerve
โž– But : Both Vth cranial nerve
โž– My : Motor VIth cranial nerve
โž– Bride : Both VIIth cranial nerve
โž– Says : Sensory VIIIth cranial nerve
โž– Big : Both IXth cranial nerve
โž– Balls : Both Xth cranial nerve
โž– Matter : Motor XIth cranial nerve
โž– More : Motor XIIth cranial nerve


5โƒฃ Facial (VII) nerve Branches are:
ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ๐Ÿ‘‡
๐Ÿ”ตTwo Zebras Buggered My Cat ๐Ÿ˜Š

โž– Two : Temporal
โž– Zebras : Zygomatic โž–Buggered : Buccal
โž– My : Mandibular
โž– Cat : Cervical

6โƒฃ three main openings of the middle cranial fossa

ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡
๐Ÿ”ตROS

R โž– Foramen Rotundum
O โž–Foramen Ovale
S โž–Foramen Spinosum

7โƒฃ Layers of the scalp
SCALP
Sโž–Skin
Cโž–Connective tissue
Aโž–Aponeurosis
Lโž–Loose connective tissue
Pโž–Periosteum

โ‡๏ธโž–โž–โž–โž–โž–
#Ahmedโœ
โž–โž–โž–
ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจุฏูŠุช ููŠ ุงู„ endocrine
ูู‡ุนู…ู„ ู…ู„ุฎุต ูŠุงุฑุจ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุญู„ูˆ ูˆู…ููŠุฏ ๐Ÿ˜Š
first : glands
ุนู†ุง six glands
a. pituitary gland
b. hypothalamus gland
c. thyroid gland
d. parathyroid gland
e. adrenal gland
f. pancreas
g. gonads gland

secound types of glands
ุงู„ glands ุจุชู†ู‚ุณู… ู„ู‚ุณู…ูŠู†
ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชุญูƒู… ุจูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุงู„hypothalamus ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ูุต ุงู„ุงู…ุงู…ูŠ ู„ู„ pituitary gland

ูˆู‡ุฏุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุดุจู‡ ุงู„ุนุฑุงูŠุณ ููŠ ู…ุณุฑุญ ุงู„ุนุฑุงูŠุณ
ุจุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชุญูƒู… ู‡ูˆู‡ ุงู„ hypothalamus
ุงู„ุฎุดุจู‡ ูˆุงู„ุฎูŠูˆุท ู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ ุงู„ูุต ุงู„ุงู…ุงู…ูŠ ู„ู„pituitar gland
ูˆุงู„ุนุฑูˆุณู‡ ู‡ูŠู‡ ุงู„ 1. thyroid gland
ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ุจูŠุดุฏ ุงู„ุฎูŠุท ูˆูŠุญุฑูƒ ุงูŠุฏ ุงู„ุนุฑูˆุณู‡ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุฒูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ hypothalamus ุจูŠุทู„ุจ thyroid hormone ูุจูŠุนู…ู„ stimulation ู„ู„ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุงู…ุงู…ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ pituitary gland ูˆู‡ูˆุจ releasing to TSH ู‡ูˆุจ stimulation ู„ู„ thyroid gland ู‡ูˆุจ releasing to thyroid hormone
ูˆู‡ุฏุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุซุงู„ ู„ู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุงูˆู„

2. cortex part of adrenal gland
3. gonads glands

ูˆุงู…ุง

ุงู„ุญุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชุญูƒู… ุจูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ู‡ูŠุง ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง
ูƒูŠู ูŠุนู†ูŠ
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงู„ู‡ุงุด ุนู„ุงู‚ู‡ ุจุงูŠ ุงุดูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆู…ุงููŠ ุงูŠ ุฑุงุจุท ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ hypothalamus

ูˆุงู„ glands ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู‡ู…ุง
1. parathyroid gland
2. medulla part of adrenal gland
3. pancerase

ูˆู…ุซุงู„ู‡ุง
ู„ู…ุง ู†ุณุจู‡ ุงู„ glucose ูŠุฒุฏุงุฏ ุจูŠูุฑุฒ ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ pancreas ุนุดุงู† ูŠุฎูุถ ู†ุณุจุชู‡

third fuction of glands:

secrete of hormones

ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ secrete ูŠุชุถู…ู† synthesis ูˆ releasing ูˆู„ุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„ูˆุถุน

ุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุงูˆู„ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ synthesis
ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ release and activation

fourth hormones that secreted from glands
a. hypothalamus
1 . thyrotropein releasing H
2 . growth releasing H
3 . growth inhibitory H
4 . prolactin releasing H
5 .prolactin inhibitory H
6.gonadotropin releasing H
7.corticotopin releasing H
8.ADH
9 .oxytocin

B . pituitarygland
1 .TSH
2 .FSH
3.ACTH
4.lipidtropin H
5.growth H
6.LH
7.beta lipotropin H

c .adrenal gland
cortex
1 . cortisol H
2 . aldesterone H
3. androgen H

medulla
1. adrenaline
2. noradrenaline
3. dopamine

thyroid glands
1. thyroxin T4
2.T3
3.reverse T3
4. calcitonin

ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠุงุช ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐูƒุฑู‡ู… ู„ู…ุง ุงุดุฑุญ ุงู„ glands
ู…ู„ุงุญุธู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุงุตุญ ุงู† ูŠู†ู‚ุงู„ ุงู†ู‡ glycoprotein ูˆุณู…ูŠ insulin
in that it's protein
ulin from ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฌุฒุฑ ู‡ุงู†ุณ

ูˆู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑูˆุฏูƒุดู† ุชุจุน ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆูƒุฑุงูŠู†
ูˆู†ูƒู…ู„ ุจูƒุฑู‡ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
ุงูŠ ุงุณุชูุณุงุฑ ุงูˆ ุณุคุงู„ ุงูˆ ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุบู„ุทู‡ ูˆู„ุง ุญุงุฌู‡ ุน ุฑุงุณูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ๐Ÿ˜Š
#MiniDoctor1
#Emad's low
ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒูƒูƒูƒูƒู…
ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
ูƒู†ุช ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน ุงู†ุฌุฒ ุฏุจู„ ุงู„ูŠ ุงู†ุฌุฒุชู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ๐Ÿ˜
ุงู„ hormones

ู„ู„ุงู…ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุบู„ุจู‡ุง ุฏุด ูˆู‡ูŠู†ุนุงุฏ ู…ุฑู‡ ุชุงู†ูŠู‡ ูˆู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ุชุดุจูŠู‡ุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุงุบู„ุจู‡ ุฏุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ๐Ÿ’”๐Ÿ’”
ูู‚ู„ุช ู‡ุตูˆุฑู„ูƒู… ุงู„ูŠ ู„ุฎุตุชู‡
ูˆุงุฐูƒุฑู„ูƒู… ุงู„ clinical part ู…ู† ุงู„ hormones

ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุนู†ุงูˆูŠู† ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู…ู„ุฎุต ู‡ูŠู‡
1- chemical structure and synthesis of hormones

2- the glands and its hormone with it function and structure
ู…ู„ุงุญุธู‡ ุงูŠ ูˆุญุฏู‡ ู…ุด ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงู„ structure ูŠุนู†ูŠ peptide

3- properties of hormoes


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#EMAD'S Low
ุงู‡ู… ุงู‡ู… ุงู‡ู… ุงุดูŠclinicaly ู„ู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุช ู‡ูŠู‡ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุญุณุงุณูŠู‡ ูˆู‡ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุงู‡ู…ูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจู‡ ุงู„ูŠ ุงู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุณุฑุน ู„ู„ูˆู„ุงุฏู‡ ((ุทู„ู‚ ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠ ))

ู‡ุชู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ู„ูŠุด

ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ allergy ู…ู† ุงูƒู„ู‡ ุงูˆ ู…ู† ุฑูŠุญู‡ ((ู…ุด ู…ูˆุถูˆุนู†ุง ุงู„ุงูŠุช ))
ุจูŠุญุตู„ู‡ acute apnea ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุคุฏูŠ ู„shock ูˆุชุคุฏูŠ ู„ู„ูˆูุงู‡
ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู‡ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนุทูˆู„ู‡
epinephrine the family of protein hormone that releases from the medullae of adrenal gland

ุทูŠุจ ู„ูŠุด ู…ุง ู†ุนุทูŠู„ู‡ steroid hormone
ุจุจุณุงุทู‡ ู„ุงู†ู‡ุง ุฏู‡ูˆู† ูู‡ูŠู‡ soluble in lipids ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠู‡ ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุฎุชุฑู‚ ุงู„ cell membrane
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุดุบุงู„ ุจุฑูˆุงู‚ู‡ ูˆุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุช ูู‡ุฏุง ู…ุด ู‡ูŠู†ูุน ู„ู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุทุงุฑุฆู‡ ุจูŠู†ูุน ู„ู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ chronic ูˆุจู†ุนุทูŠ cortisol hormone

ุงู…ุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุทุงุฑุฆู‡ ูุจู†ุนุทูŠู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุนุงุฆู„ู‡ ุงู„ protein hormones
they are water soluble
and lipid insoluble
so there are messengers to carry the hormone so it will be fast and the action will start in seconds

ุงู…ุง ุงู„ุงู‡ู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠู‡ ู‡ูˆู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุณุฑุน ู„ู„ุทู„ู‚ ูˆุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงุบู„ุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู‡ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุงู‡ู…ูŠู‡
ุงูˆ ุณู…ุน ุนู†ู‡ุง
ูˆู‡ูŠู‡
oxytocin hormone ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏู‡ ุงุฐุง ุญุตู„ ุชุงุฎุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุทู„ู‚

ุซุงู„ุซ ุญุงุฌู‡ ูˆู‡ูŠู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุชุณุชุบุฑุจ ูƒูŠู ุงู„male ุจูŠุชุญูˆู„ูˆุง ู„ female ูˆุงู„ุนูƒุณ
ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ูˆุถุญ ุญุงุฌู‡ ู…ู‡ู…ู‡
ุงู† testosterone hormone ู‡ูˆู‡ ุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ุฐูƒูˆุฑูŠู‡ ุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนูƒุณู‡ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุชู…ุงู…ุง ู‡ูˆู‡ estrogen hormone ุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุซูˆูŠู‡

ูู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุนุทูˆู‡ุง ุญุจูˆุจ ูˆุงุจุฑ ุงูŠ ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุทุบู‰ ุน ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูุจูŠุจุฏุก ูŠุดุชุบู„ ุดุบู„ู‡ ูˆูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ูŠ ูŠุญู…ู„ู‡ุง

ูˆู‡ู†ุง ู…ู„ุงุญุธู‡ ุงุญุจ ุงู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุจู†ุงุช ู‡ู…ุง
ุฒูŠ ุตุญู† ุญุทูŠุช ููŠู‡ ุฑุฒ ุตุงุฑ ุตุญู† ุฑุฒ ุดู„ุช ุงู„ุฑุฒ ูˆุญุทูŠุช ู…ุญุดูŠ ุตุงุฑ ุตุญู† ู…ุญุดูŠ
ูˆู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ูŠู‡ ู„ุนุจุฉ ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุช ูˆู„ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุจ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ู…ุงุนุฏุง ุงู„ prostate and testes and its structre in male
ุงู„ุฑุญู… ูˆุงู„ovary
ูˆู‡ุฏุง ูƒู„ู‡
ูˆู…ุน ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุจูŠุดู„ูˆุง ูˆูŠุฑูƒุจูˆุง ูƒุงู†ู‡ู… ุจูŠุฑูƒุจูˆุง ู…ุงุตูˆุฑู‡ ุฏุด (ุญู†ููŠู‡ ุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุญู…ูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง )๐Ÿ˜‚๐Ÿ˜‚๐Ÿ’”

ุฑุงุจุน ุญุงุฌู‡ ููŠ ุชุถุฎู… ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุณุชุงุชุง ุจูŠุนูˆุง
5 alpha reduction inhibitor

ุฎุงู…ุณุง ุงู„ progesterone ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุญู…ู„

ุณุงุฏุณุง ู…ูˆุงู†ุน ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถุนู‡ ุจูŠุนุทูˆู„ู‡ุง progesterone hormone
because prevent eject the milk from the mother's breast

ูˆู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†ุนุง ุจุงุชุง ุงู„ estorogen ู„ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠูˆู‚ู ุงู„ุญู„ูŠุจ

ุณุงุจุนุง ู„ูŠุด ูุชุฑู‡ ุงู„ุฑุถุงุนู‡ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ู…ุงู†ุนู‡ ู„ู„ุญู…ู„ ุŸุŸ
ุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนุฑู ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ูˆุงู†ุง ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฌุงูˆุจ ู‡ุฏุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุจูƒุฑู‡ ๐Ÿ˜Š๐Ÿ˜Š

ูŠุงุฑุจ ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุงุณุชูุฏุชูˆุง
ูƒู„ ุงู„ูŠ ุนุงูŠุฒู‡ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุงู†ูƒู… ุชุฏุนูˆู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ุชูˆููŠู‚ ูˆุงู† ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุชู„ุฒู‚ ููŠ ุฏู…ุงุบูŠ ูˆู…ุง ุชุฑูˆุญุด ุงุจุฏุง ๐Ÿ˜ญ๐Ÿ˜ญ๐Ÿ’”๐Ÿ’”

ูˆุจุญุงูˆู„ ุงูƒุชุจ ูƒู„ ุงู„ูŠ ูู‡ู…ุชู‡ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ู…ูู‡ู…ูˆู‡ ุญู„ูˆู‡ ู…ู…ุชุนู‡ ๐Ÿ˜
ุฏุนูˆุงุชูƒู… ู…ุฑู‡ ุซุงู†ูŠู‡

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#Emad's LOW
2025/10/24 15:15:20
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