Please open Telegram to view this post
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
Q. ‘A man is but a product of his thoughts. What he thinks he becomes.’ – M.K. Gandhi (10 Marks)
Gandhiji made the above statement highlighting those ideas are the genesis of all our actions and life events. We have to first conceptualise and manifest our life goals in our mind to then see it transform into reality.
✅Our thoughts enable our efforts and help us persevere against challenges that may present themselves on the way. E.g.: Gandhi's commitment to swaraj helped him remain dedicated to the cause of freedom.
✅ Most revolutionary transformations in society have its genesis in the thoughts of men and women. For example, Raja Ram Mohan Roy’s efforts against Sati, Martin Luther King, Vinoba Bhave.
✅Thoughts therefore become the building blocks of our attitudes and actions. E.g.: a positive attitude towards Swachch Bharat Abhiyan enabled its success.
✅ Education should therefore be centred at developing progressive, positive thoughts about self and society, to create ethical individuals. E.g.: the Awakened Citizen programme of Ramakrishna Mission and CBSE helps to imbibe ethical values in children.
✅ Further, given the immense power of media in shaping thoughts and therefore individuals, it becomes
necessary that media ethics through self-regulation is duly followed.
The thoughts of individuals are therefore the most powerful force of human history. Socialisation at home,
educational institutions as well as the overall narratives of media and society must promote and pursue positive, ethical thoughts.
Gandhiji made the above statement highlighting those ideas are the genesis of all our actions and life events. We have to first conceptualise and manifest our life goals in our mind to then see it transform into reality.
✅Our thoughts enable our efforts and help us persevere against challenges that may present themselves on the way. E.g.: Gandhi's commitment to swaraj helped him remain dedicated to the cause of freedom.
✅ Most revolutionary transformations in society have its genesis in the thoughts of men and women. For example, Raja Ram Mohan Roy’s efforts against Sati, Martin Luther King, Vinoba Bhave.
✅Thoughts therefore become the building blocks of our attitudes and actions. E.g.: a positive attitude towards Swachch Bharat Abhiyan enabled its success.
✅ Education should therefore be centred at developing progressive, positive thoughts about self and society, to create ethical individuals. E.g.: the Awakened Citizen programme of Ramakrishna Mission and CBSE helps to imbibe ethical values in children.
✅ Further, given the immense power of media in shaping thoughts and therefore individuals, it becomes
necessary that media ethics through self-regulation is duly followed.
The thoughts of individuals are therefore the most powerful force of human history. Socialisation at home,
educational institutions as well as the overall narratives of media and society must promote and pursue positive, ethical thoughts.
👍12😁1
Q. Highlight the Central Asian and Greco-Bactrian elements in the Gandhara art (10 marks)
✅ The Gandhara School of art shows Buddha in the symbolic form, not a human form. It was developed between the 1st century BCE and the 7th century CE during Kushan rule, of which Gandhara sculpture was an important part, depicting sculpture of Buddha.
✅The central Asian and Greco-Bactrian elements in the Gandhara art:
▪️Greek Influence:
✅ Hellenistic features like curly hairs, moustaches on face.
✅ Vajrapani protector image.
✅ Muscular body.
✅ Coins with Greek script.
✅ Draperies covering both shoulders.
✅ Stucco plastering.
▪️Roman influence:
✅ Buddha is sometimes presented in Roman motifs like Triton.
✅ Buddha of Gandhara sometimes through a wine scroll.
✅ Buddha in human form is inspired by Roman tradition.
✅ The outer rope of Buddha of Gandhara like Kaya resembles Roman gods.
▪️Central Asian Influence:
✅ Bluish Schist used in Gandhara Art.
✅ Disc shaped halo around the Buddha head.
✅ Buddha presented in human form.
✅ Kharosthi letters on Buddhist inscriptions in Gandhara.
The above influences can be well justified because of the strategic location of Gandhara school. Thus, in this regard it can be claimed that the art that flourished in the Gandhara valleys was a blend of different cultures.
✅ The Gandhara School of art shows Buddha in the symbolic form, not a human form. It was developed between the 1st century BCE and the 7th century CE during Kushan rule, of which Gandhara sculpture was an important part, depicting sculpture of Buddha.
✅The central Asian and Greco-Bactrian elements in the Gandhara art:
▪️Greek Influence:
✅ Hellenistic features like curly hairs, moustaches on face.
✅ Vajrapani protector image.
✅ Muscular body.
✅ Coins with Greek script.
✅ Draperies covering both shoulders.
✅ Stucco plastering.
▪️Roman influence:
✅ Buddha is sometimes presented in Roman motifs like Triton.
✅ Buddha of Gandhara sometimes through a wine scroll.
✅ Buddha in human form is inspired by Roman tradition.
✅ The outer rope of Buddha of Gandhara like Kaya resembles Roman gods.
▪️Central Asian Influence:
✅ Bluish Schist used in Gandhara Art.
✅ Disc shaped halo around the Buddha head.
✅ Buddha presented in human form.
✅ Kharosthi letters on Buddhist inscriptions in Gandhara.
The above influences can be well justified because of the strategic location of Gandhara school. Thus, in this regard it can be claimed that the art that flourished in the Gandhara valleys was a blend of different cultures.
👍8❤2
Q. Indian Government has recently strengthened the anti-terrorism laws by amending the unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA), 1967 and the NIA act. Analyse the changes in the context of the prevailing security environment while discussing the scope and reasons for opposing the UAPA by human rights organisations. (15 marks)
✅Recently the Parliament has amended the UAPA and NIA act to provide more powers to India’s anti-terror agency and expand the scope of India’s anti-terror law, and strengthening India’s fight against terrorism.
▪️Changes made in UAPA:
✅The Act designate individuals also as terrorists on certain grounds provided in the Act. Earlier, organisations were under the definition of the act not the individuals.
✅ The Act empowers the Director General of National Investigation Agency (NIA) to grant approval of seizure or attachment of property when the case is investigated by the said agency.
✅ The Act empowers the officers of the NIA, of the rank of Inspector or above, to investigate cases of terrorism in addition to those conducted by the DSP or ACP or above rank officer in the state.
▪️Changes made in NIA:
✅ The amendment has allowed the NIA to investigate, cases related to
(i) human trafficking,
(ii) counterfeit currency
or banknotes,
(iii) manufacture or sale of prohibited arms,
(iv) cyber-terrorism, and
(v) offences under the Explosive Substances Act, 1908.
✅ The provisions of the act will apply to the person outside India also.
✅ The 2019 amendment allowed the central government to designate Sessions Courts as Special Courts for the trial of scheduled offenses under the Act.
✅Recently the Parliament has amended the UAPA and NIA act to provide more powers to India’s anti-terror agency and expand the scope of India’s anti-terror law, and strengthening India’s fight against terrorism.
▪️Changes made in UAPA:
✅The Act designate individuals also as terrorists on certain grounds provided in the Act. Earlier, organisations were under the definition of the act not the individuals.
✅ The Act empowers the Director General of National Investigation Agency (NIA) to grant approval of seizure or attachment of property when the case is investigated by the said agency.
✅ The Act empowers the officers of the NIA, of the rank of Inspector or above, to investigate cases of terrorism in addition to those conducted by the DSP or ACP or above rank officer in the state.
▪️Changes made in NIA:
✅ The amendment has allowed the NIA to investigate, cases related to
(i) human trafficking,
(ii) counterfeit currency
or banknotes,
(iii) manufacture or sale of prohibited arms,
(iv) cyber-terrorism, and
(v) offences under the Explosive Substances Act, 1908.
✅ The provisions of the act will apply to the person outside India also.
✅ The 2019 amendment allowed the central government to designate Sessions Courts as Special Courts for the trial of scheduled offenses under the Act.
👍3
Q. The 1857 Uprising was the culmination of the recurrent big and small local rebellions that had occurred in the preceding hundred years of British rule. Elucidate. (10 marks)
✅The year 1857 was a watershed one in the history of India. Though the revolt of 1857 is considered as the first major resentment against British rule, it is also believed to be the culmination of the recurrent big and small local rebellions that had occurred in the preceding hundred years of British rule.
✅ Civil Revolts before the 1857 uprising: These were the first group of people who revolted against Britishers to secure their traditional and customary rights. Example: Sanyasi revolt (1763-1800), Revolt in Midnapore and Dhalbhum (1766-74) Revolt of Moamarias (1769-99)
✅Tribal Revolts before the 1857 uprising: The resentment of tribal against Britishers was mainly due to imposition of forest rights Act, forceful conversion of tribals by Christian missionaries. Examples: Chuar uprising, Khond uprising, Santhal uprising etc.
✅ Peasant Revolts before the 1857 uprising: The common provoking cause of resentment of the peasants were vague demand of land revenue, oppression of officials and frequent occurrence of drought and famine. Example: Pagal panthis of Bengal, Faraizi revolt, Mopillah uprising etc.
✅ Revolts by the Princely States: Britishers were annexing the princely states by using diplomacy of subsidiary alliance and Doctrine of Lapse. Example: Jhansi in 1852.
It can be said that these rebellions-which were localised in nature, lacking of efficient leadership and influenced by backward looking ideology were suppressed by Britishers with use of force but still they established a culture of resistance among natives and eventually prepared the way for the 1857 revolt.
✅The year 1857 was a watershed one in the history of India. Though the revolt of 1857 is considered as the first major resentment against British rule, it is also believed to be the culmination of the recurrent big and small local rebellions that had occurred in the preceding hundred years of British rule.
✅ Civil Revolts before the 1857 uprising: These were the first group of people who revolted against Britishers to secure their traditional and customary rights. Example: Sanyasi revolt (1763-1800), Revolt in Midnapore and Dhalbhum (1766-74) Revolt of Moamarias (1769-99)
✅Tribal Revolts before the 1857 uprising: The resentment of tribal against Britishers was mainly due to imposition of forest rights Act, forceful conversion of tribals by Christian missionaries. Examples: Chuar uprising, Khond uprising, Santhal uprising etc.
✅ Peasant Revolts before the 1857 uprising: The common provoking cause of resentment of the peasants were vague demand of land revenue, oppression of officials and frequent occurrence of drought and famine. Example: Pagal panthis of Bengal, Faraizi revolt, Mopillah uprising etc.
✅ Revolts by the Princely States: Britishers were annexing the princely states by using diplomacy of subsidiary alliance and Doctrine of Lapse. Example: Jhansi in 1852.
It can be said that these rebellions-which were localised in nature, lacking of efficient leadership and influenced by backward looking ideology were suppressed by Britishers with use of force but still they established a culture of resistance among natives and eventually prepared the way for the 1857 revolt.
👍13😁1
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
WR-CSM-2023-081223-ENG.pdf
220.8 KB
CSM 23 RESULT
👍4👏1🤩1
Q. How is the growth of Tier 2 cities related to the rise of a new middle class with an emphasis on the culture of consumption? (10 Marks)
✅The middle classes constitute a critical market for most goods and services.
✅ A sizable portion of any nation’s tax revenue is collected either directly or indirectly from this group and they are important for economic and social development via urbanization and. industrialization.
✅Middle class working in metro cities but due to heavy land cost, they are purchasing lands in Tier 2 cities. Ex:- Sonipat because of NCR Development.
✅ Work from Home has resulted into demand of goods and services in Tier 2 cities, thus opening of Pizza
outlets, Dosa corner etc.
✅ The major reason of rise in Consumption in a new middle class can be Work, Stress and Enjoyment Purposes.
✅ Start-ups find that initial costs are much
✅And Aesthetics are as important as functionality, an office should be a space where employees feel excited to step in, every day. Ex:- Nissan’s Digital Hub in Thiruvananthapuram
✅ Today the millennial does not just want to satisfy their needs, but satisfied at faster pace. Ex: - Zepto10 Minutes delivery and Amazon delivery in small towns too.
✅ Purchasing power of middle class have increased and thus shift in the pattern of consumption has been observed.
The middle class is claimed to be the ‘bird of gold’. India’s rising middle class is an engine of growth. The rising middle class is both a causal factor behind India’s improved economic and social outcomes growth, education, home ownership, and social security as well as a consequence of the rise in the middle class.
✅The middle classes constitute a critical market for most goods and services.
✅ A sizable portion of any nation’s tax revenue is collected either directly or indirectly from this group and they are important for economic and social development via urbanization and. industrialization.
✅Middle class working in metro cities but due to heavy land cost, they are purchasing lands in Tier 2 cities. Ex:- Sonipat because of NCR Development.
✅ Work from Home has resulted into demand of goods and services in Tier 2 cities, thus opening of Pizza
outlets, Dosa corner etc.
✅ The major reason of rise in Consumption in a new middle class can be Work, Stress and Enjoyment Purposes.
✅ Start-ups find that initial costs are much
✅And Aesthetics are as important as functionality, an office should be a space where employees feel excited to step in, every day. Ex:- Nissan’s Digital Hub in Thiruvananthapuram
✅ Today the millennial does not just want to satisfy their needs, but satisfied at faster pace. Ex: - Zepto10 Minutes delivery and Amazon delivery in small towns too.
✅ Purchasing power of middle class have increased and thus shift in the pattern of consumption has been observed.
The middle class is claimed to be the ‘bird of gold’. India’s rising middle class is an engine of growth. The rising middle class is both a causal factor behind India’s improved economic and social outcomes growth, education, home ownership, and social security as well as a consequence of the rise in the middle class.
👍7❤3
Q. Examine the potential of wind energy in India and explain the reasons for their limited spatial spread. (10 Marks)
✅ Wind is used to produce electricity using the kinetic energy created by air in motion.
✅ This is transformed into electrical energy using wind turbines or wind energy conversion systems.
▪️Potential of Wind Energy in India as per Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC):
✅India currently has 13.4 GW of prospective projects in wind energy, which are expected to drive installations until 2024 in the market.
✅ India is expected to add 3.2 GW in 2022, 4.1 GW in 2023 peaking to 4.6 GW in 2024, thereafter declining to 4 GW and 3.5 GW in the next two years.
✅ It is found by the National Institute for Wind Energy (based in Chennai) that western states have larger potential in terms of a stable, steady and a speedy wind flow starting from Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka to Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. Tamil Nadu is the largest producer of wind energy producing 9,075MW in 2019.
▪️Reasons for Limited Spatial Spread:
✅Eastern Coast of India is frequently affected by the cyclones hence it is difficult to harness their full potential.
✅ Static air mass in the northern part of country makes it difficult to harness the wind energy.
✅ It requires minimum interference but due to the dense population, very large open areas are not common.
E.g.: Mumbai and Chennai- High populated.
✅ Acquisition of land and pressure on land use. E.g.: Land is state subject.
✅ Competition with other renewable forms of energy like solar energy which are easier to harness.
Hence, National Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy, 2018 and National Offshore Wind Energy Policy, 2015 with EEZ along with Indian coastline are sustained and increase growth in wind-based generation capacity, policymakers need to streamline the procedures to grant permits, including land allocation and grid connection projects.
✅ Wind is used to produce electricity using the kinetic energy created by air in motion.
✅ This is transformed into electrical energy using wind turbines or wind energy conversion systems.
▪️Potential of Wind Energy in India as per Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC):
✅India currently has 13.4 GW of prospective projects in wind energy, which are expected to drive installations until 2024 in the market.
✅ India is expected to add 3.2 GW in 2022, 4.1 GW in 2023 peaking to 4.6 GW in 2024, thereafter declining to 4 GW and 3.5 GW in the next two years.
✅ It is found by the National Institute for Wind Energy (based in Chennai) that western states have larger potential in terms of a stable, steady and a speedy wind flow starting from Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka to Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. Tamil Nadu is the largest producer of wind energy producing 9,075MW in 2019.
▪️Reasons for Limited Spatial Spread:
✅Eastern Coast of India is frequently affected by the cyclones hence it is difficult to harness their full potential.
✅ Static air mass in the northern part of country makes it difficult to harness the wind energy.
✅ It requires minimum interference but due to the dense population, very large open areas are not common.
E.g.: Mumbai and Chennai- High populated.
✅ Acquisition of land and pressure on land use. E.g.: Land is state subject.
✅ Competition with other renewable forms of energy like solar energy which are easier to harness.
Hence, National Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy, 2018 and National Offshore Wind Energy Policy, 2015 with EEZ along with Indian coastline are sustained and increase growth in wind-based generation capacity, policymakers need to streamline the procedures to grant permits, including land allocation and grid connection projects.
👍5❤1
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
Navigating the future of Indo-european partnership.pdf
408.3 KB
Navigating the Future of the Indo-European Partnership
👍2
👆this is my article, please give review about this.. This is already published in E-magazine, but your review is helpful..
👍4
Q. Explore and evaluate the impact of ‘Work from Home’ on family relationship. (10 Marks)
The ‘Work from Home’ concept is a breakthrough in the traditional characteristics of work. Maintaining the productivity levels as well as ensuring safety is the ‘Work from home’ model. WFH have a widespread impact on family relationships:
▪️Positive Impact:
✅Time saved in commuting can be spent qualitatively with family. More over work can be scheduled accordingly.
✅ WFH improved family relationships through proper adaptive processes, and the relations were moderated by the education level and age of individuals.
✅ Increased work expectations and distractions, reduced communications with family and ultimately impacts the mental and physical health.
✅ Blurred work-life boundaries can make it difficult to detach mentally from work which can increase stress and anxiety.
✅ More time to children reduces the friction between child and father.
▪️Negative Impact:
✅ Domestic violence – The WHO report showed a general trend of increase in sexual violence and intimate partner violence rates whenever there was an occurrence of disaster shadow pandemic.
✅ Salary cut in some organization has made depressing environment at home, resulting into loss of emotional intelligence.
✅ Work load on women member have increased, which made her more irritating and frustrating.
Communication and boundaries aren’t just meant for remote employees – these precedents set up a model for how relationships work in the future, and shape how they become in coming years.
The ‘Work from Home’ concept is a breakthrough in the traditional characteristics of work. Maintaining the productivity levels as well as ensuring safety is the ‘Work from home’ model. WFH have a widespread impact on family relationships:
▪️Positive Impact:
✅Time saved in commuting can be spent qualitatively with family. More over work can be scheduled accordingly.
✅ WFH improved family relationships through proper adaptive processes, and the relations were moderated by the education level and age of individuals.
✅ Increased work expectations and distractions, reduced communications with family and ultimately impacts the mental and physical health.
✅ Blurred work-life boundaries can make it difficult to detach mentally from work which can increase stress and anxiety.
✅ More time to children reduces the friction between child and father.
▪️Negative Impact:
✅ Domestic violence – The WHO report showed a general trend of increase in sexual violence and intimate partner violence rates whenever there was an occurrence of disaster shadow pandemic.
✅ Salary cut in some organization has made depressing environment at home, resulting into loss of emotional intelligence.
✅ Work load on women member have increased, which made her more irritating and frustrating.
Communication and boundaries aren’t just meant for remote employees – these precedents set up a model for how relationships work in the future, and shape how they become in coming years.
👍4
Hello everyone,
In order to boost up PT preperation for you all, We are planning to start daily PT discussion on this group from 15th on current affairs topics as well as past transcript questions.
It's an initiative for community, of community and by community. Those who are willing to participate can participate in this discussion.
Group discussion would be moderated by those members who have past experience of PT.
Those who have cleared mains and still not part of this group can send screenshot of admit cards to @The_Robot01 or @Lok_Sevak for verification.
#CSE_2023_INTERVIEW
In order to boost up PT preperation for you all, We are planning to start daily PT discussion on this group from 15th on current affairs topics as well as past transcript questions.
It's an initiative for community, of community and by community. Those who are willing to participate can participate in this discussion.
Group discussion would be moderated by those members who have past experience of PT.
Those who have cleared mains and still not part of this group can send screenshot of admit cards to @The_Robot01 or @Lok_Sevak for verification.
#CSE_2023_INTERVIEW
👍6
Forwarded from UPSC Mains PYQ
Q. The political and administrative reorganization of states and territories has been a continuous ongoing process since the mid-nineteenth century. Discuss with examples. (10 Marks)
✅ British government reorganised states and territories into various provinces for administrative
efficiency and political significance.
▪️British government carved following provinces:
✅ Central Provinces: Created in 1861 from Nagpur Province.
✅ Assam: separated from Bengal in 1874 as the North-East Frontier province.
✅ Andaman and Nicobar Islands: established as a province in 1875.
✅ North-West Frontier Province: created in 1901 from Punjab Province.
✅ Eastern Bengal and Assam: created in 1905 upon the partition of Bengal.
✅ Britisher followed policy of divide and rule on the basis race, religion, language which is impacting Indian polity till date leading to various reorganization.
▪️Political and administrative reasons for reorganization:
✅ In 1953, a separate state Andhra Pradesh was forcefully established for Telugu speaking people.
✅ Fazl Ali Commission recommended creation of states based on language.
✅ Reorganisation of States acts 1956 re-established the boundaries of Indian territories and states based on regional language.
✅ Separation of Maharashtra and Gujarat due to political reason
✅ Creation of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand for administrative efficiency and development.
✅ Recently, Telengana was created to address development deficit
▪️Present scenario:
✅ Demand for creation of Vidharbha & Marathwada in Maharastra and Surashtra & Kutch in Gujarat for development
✅ Demand for creation of Gorkhaland, Bodoland and Greater Nagaland for political reasons
✅ Demand for creation of Dravidland for ethnic and political reasons
▪️Way Forward:
✅ Economic and social viability rather than political considerations must be given primacy.
✅ It is better to allow democratic concerns like development, decentralisation and governance rather than religion, caste, language or dialect to be the valid bases for conceding the demands for a new state.
✅ British government reorganised states and territories into various provinces for administrative
efficiency and political significance.
▪️British government carved following provinces:
✅ Central Provinces: Created in 1861 from Nagpur Province.
✅ Assam: separated from Bengal in 1874 as the North-East Frontier province.
✅ Andaman and Nicobar Islands: established as a province in 1875.
✅ North-West Frontier Province: created in 1901 from Punjab Province.
✅ Eastern Bengal and Assam: created in 1905 upon the partition of Bengal.
✅ Britisher followed policy of divide and rule on the basis race, religion, language which is impacting Indian polity till date leading to various reorganization.
▪️Political and administrative reasons for reorganization:
✅ In 1953, a separate state Andhra Pradesh was forcefully established for Telugu speaking people.
✅ Fazl Ali Commission recommended creation of states based on language.
✅ Reorganisation of States acts 1956 re-established the boundaries of Indian territories and states based on regional language.
✅ Separation of Maharashtra and Gujarat due to political reason
✅ Creation of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand for administrative efficiency and development.
✅ Recently, Telengana was created to address development deficit
▪️Present scenario:
✅ Demand for creation of Vidharbha & Marathwada in Maharastra and Surashtra & Kutch in Gujarat for development
✅ Demand for creation of Gorkhaland, Bodoland and Greater Nagaland for political reasons
✅ Demand for creation of Dravidland for ethnic and political reasons
▪️Way Forward:
✅ Economic and social viability rather than political considerations must be given primacy.
✅ It is better to allow democratic concerns like development, decentralisation and governance rather than religion, caste, language or dialect to be the valid bases for conceding the demands for a new state.
👍10❤2
Q. What are the forces that influences of ocean currents? Describe their role in fishing industry of the world. (15 Marks)
✅ Ocean currents are the continuous, predictable, directional movement of seawater.
✅ It is a massive movement of ocean water that is caused and influenced by various forces.
✅ They are like river flows in oceans.
▪️Ocean currents are influenced by two types of forces namely:
(i) primary forces and
(ii) secondary forces
▪️Primary forces influence the oceanic currents are:
✅ Heating by solar energy
✅ Wind.
✅ Gravity.
✅ Coriolis force.
▪️Secondary forces influence the ocean currents are:
✅ Differences in water density: It affects vertical mobility of ocean currents. Water with high salinity is denser than water with low salinity and in the same way cold water is denser than warm water.
✅ Temperature of water: Cold-water Ocean currents occur when the cold water at the poles sinks and slowly
moves towards the equator.
✅ Role of fishing grounds in the World: The mixing of warm and cold currents results in the deposition of planktons. Therefore, at such places, fishes can be found in abundance:
✅ The Northwest Pacific Region is the leading fish producer area. North of Japan where the warm Kurushio
Current meets the cold Oyoshio Current.
✅ Northeast Atlantic and the adjacent waters of the Arctic extending from Norway to Great Britain and Iceland constitute the second major fishing region.
✅ Norway, Great Britain, Denmark, Iceland and Greenland are the important fishing countries of this region.
✅ The important fishing banks in this region include the Grand Bank and St. Pierre Bank.
Seeing the potential with Fish Production (1% to India’s GDP and around 5% to agricultural GDP), India has integrated all the schemes of the fisheries sector into an umbrella scheme called Blue Revolution, Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana ensure to develop national and regional fishery governance in the effective fisheries management.
✅ Ocean currents are the continuous, predictable, directional movement of seawater.
✅ It is a massive movement of ocean water that is caused and influenced by various forces.
✅ They are like river flows in oceans.
▪️Ocean currents are influenced by two types of forces namely:
(i) primary forces and
(ii) secondary forces
▪️Primary forces influence the oceanic currents are:
✅ Heating by solar energy
✅ Wind.
✅ Gravity.
✅ Coriolis force.
▪️Secondary forces influence the ocean currents are:
✅ Differences in water density: It affects vertical mobility of ocean currents. Water with high salinity is denser than water with low salinity and in the same way cold water is denser than warm water.
✅ Temperature of water: Cold-water Ocean currents occur when the cold water at the poles sinks and slowly
moves towards the equator.
✅ Role of fishing grounds in the World: The mixing of warm and cold currents results in the deposition of planktons. Therefore, at such places, fishes can be found in abundance:
✅ The Northwest Pacific Region is the leading fish producer area. North of Japan where the warm Kurushio
Current meets the cold Oyoshio Current.
✅ Northeast Atlantic and the adjacent waters of the Arctic extending from Norway to Great Britain and Iceland constitute the second major fishing region.
✅ Norway, Great Britain, Denmark, Iceland and Greenland are the important fishing countries of this region.
✅ The important fishing banks in this region include the Grand Bank and St. Pierre Bank.
Seeing the potential with Fish Production (1% to India’s GDP and around 5% to agricultural GDP), India has integrated all the schemes of the fisheries sector into an umbrella scheme called Blue Revolution, Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana ensure to develop national and regional fishery governance in the effective fisheries management.
👍3❤1😁1
Q. describing the distribution of rubber producing countries, indicate the major environmental issues faced by them. (15 Marks)
✅ Rubber is a commercial plantation crop and made from the latex of a tree called Heave Brasiliensis.
✅ Rubber is largely perceived as a strategic industrial raw material and accorded special status globally for defence, national security and industrial development.
✅ Conditions for Growth: It is an equatorial crop, but under special conditions, it is also grown in tropical and sub-tropical areas.
✅ Temperature: Above 25°C with moist and humid climate.
✅ Rainfall: More than 200 cm.
✅ Soil Type: Rich well drained alluvial soil.
✅ Cheap and adequate supply of skilled labour is needed for this plantation crop.
✅ Indian Scenario: Top Rubber
Producing States: Kerala > Tamil Nadu > Karnataka
✅ Major Producers Globally: Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, China and India.
✅ Major Consumers: China, India, USA, Japan, Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia.
▪️Major Environmental Issues by them:
✅ Biodiversity loss: Rubber plantation leads to reduced total carbon biomass and impacts climate change.
✅ Impact on Natural vegetation and soil quality: in Kerala, rubber plantations replaced natural vegetation.
✅ Use of large amounts of chemicals which can cause serious environmental impact in the neighbouring receptor water bodies.
✅ Consumes large volumes of water and energy: Rubber plants require more water which reduces ground water potential.
Recently, the world's first Genetically Modified (GM) rubber plant developed by Rubber Research Institute was planted in Assam. India’s National Rubber Policy (under the Department of Commerce) includes several provisions to support the Natural Rubber (NR) production sector and the entire rubber industry value chain.
✅ Rubber is a commercial plantation crop and made from the latex of a tree called Heave Brasiliensis.
✅ Rubber is largely perceived as a strategic industrial raw material and accorded special status globally for defence, national security and industrial development.
✅ Conditions for Growth: It is an equatorial crop, but under special conditions, it is also grown in tropical and sub-tropical areas.
✅ Temperature: Above 25°C with moist and humid climate.
✅ Rainfall: More than 200 cm.
✅ Soil Type: Rich well drained alluvial soil.
✅ Cheap and adequate supply of skilled labour is needed for this plantation crop.
✅ Indian Scenario: Top Rubber
Producing States: Kerala > Tamil Nadu > Karnataka
✅ Major Producers Globally: Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, China and India.
✅ Major Consumers: China, India, USA, Japan, Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia.
▪️Major Environmental Issues by them:
✅ Biodiversity loss: Rubber plantation leads to reduced total carbon biomass and impacts climate change.
✅ Impact on Natural vegetation and soil quality: in Kerala, rubber plantations replaced natural vegetation.
✅ Use of large amounts of chemicals which can cause serious environmental impact in the neighbouring receptor water bodies.
✅ Consumes large volumes of water and energy: Rubber plants require more water which reduces ground water potential.
Recently, the world's first Genetically Modified (GM) rubber plant developed by Rubber Research Institute was planted in Assam. India’s National Rubber Policy (under the Department of Commerce) includes several provisions to support the Natural Rubber (NR) production sector and the entire rubber industry value chain.
❤6👍3
Q. Are tolerance, assimilation and pluralism the key elements in the making of an Indian form of secularism? Justify your answer. (15 Marks)
✅ Indian form of secularism is not about passive attitude towards religion but an equal treatment of all.
✅ Thus Tolerance, assimilation and pluralism is its pillars to achieve the idea of Fraternity in our Constitution.
▪️Tolerance as a key element:-
✅ Tolerance in a democratic country like India means that the country belongs to minorities as much it belongs to majority community/religion. It ensures the minority rights and prevents Authoritarianism or
Majoritarianism.
✅ The instances of various communal clashes including the Kashmiri Muslims and Pandits, Babri masjid demolition, Godhra and Muzzafarnagar riots bring in the consequences of intolerance.
✅ Further, the secularism also entails tolerance within a religion. The instances of dalit lynching, discrimination, exploitation of women in the name of religion gives instances of intolerance threatening the secular fabric of the nation. Assimilation as a
▪️key element of Secularism
✅ Indian model of secularism does not talk about assimilation, but every group can have their distinct identity, the only requirement is giving respect and promote brotherhood and enjoy the differences.
✅ Example: Muslim distributing Water bottle to kawariyas.
▪️Pluralism as a key element of secularism:
✅ Pluralism is the belief that all (or rather the aforementioned ‘two or more’) religions are “true” and that their truths are not mutually exclusive. It acknowledges the existence of all religions as equal.
✅ Secularism wants to keep religion in general, and any religion in particular, out of the public square; pluralism wants to find a place for all of the religions, and ideologies, in the public square.
✅ Both want to avoid the public square being dominated by any religion (or sect or ideology); secularism wants to achieve this result by keeping religion out of it altogether, pluralism wants to prevent it from being dominated by any one religion by allowing all an equal place at the table.
While pluralism is the end, in India, secularism as envisaged in the Preamble of our Constitution, is a means to achieve the same. A plural society and a secular one are quintessential for a thriving democracy that is as
diverse as ours.
✅ Indian form of secularism is not about passive attitude towards religion but an equal treatment of all.
✅ Thus Tolerance, assimilation and pluralism is its pillars to achieve the idea of Fraternity in our Constitution.
▪️Tolerance as a key element:-
✅ Tolerance in a democratic country like India means that the country belongs to minorities as much it belongs to majority community/religion. It ensures the minority rights and prevents Authoritarianism or
Majoritarianism.
✅ The instances of various communal clashes including the Kashmiri Muslims and Pandits, Babri masjid demolition, Godhra and Muzzafarnagar riots bring in the consequences of intolerance.
✅ Further, the secularism also entails tolerance within a religion. The instances of dalit lynching, discrimination, exploitation of women in the name of religion gives instances of intolerance threatening the secular fabric of the nation. Assimilation as a
▪️key element of Secularism
✅ Indian model of secularism does not talk about assimilation, but every group can have their distinct identity, the only requirement is giving respect and promote brotherhood and enjoy the differences.
✅ Example: Muslim distributing Water bottle to kawariyas.
▪️Pluralism as a key element of secularism:
✅ Pluralism is the belief that all (or rather the aforementioned ‘two or more’) religions are “true” and that their truths are not mutually exclusive. It acknowledges the existence of all religions as equal.
✅ Secularism wants to keep religion in general, and any religion in particular, out of the public square; pluralism wants to find a place for all of the religions, and ideologies, in the public square.
✅ Both want to avoid the public square being dominated by any religion (or sect or ideology); secularism wants to achieve this result by keeping religion out of it altogether, pluralism wants to prevent it from being dominated by any one religion by allowing all an equal place at the table.
While pluralism is the end, in India, secularism as envisaged in the Preamble of our Constitution, is a means to achieve the same. A plural society and a secular one are quintessential for a thriving democracy that is as
diverse as ours.
👍9❤2🥰1😁1
Q. Besides the welfare schemes, India needs deft management of inflation and unemployment to serve the poor and the underprivileged sections of the society. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words) 15 marks
✅ India being a welfare state as envisioned in DPSP, enters through welfare schemes to check the poor conditions of unprivileged sections.
✅ But the rising inflation and its impact on food and commodities and rising unemployment rate (6%) reverses the gain made in reducing poverty and its spill over impact.
▪️Welfare schemes:
✅ MGNREGA Focuses on Rights based approach.
✅ NRLM focuses on self-employment opportunities.
✅ MUDRA Loan to start new business.
✅ Stand up India and Start Up India.
▪️Why focus on Inflation and Unemployment is important:
✅ The prices of essential food items have increased by 50% in seven years (2015 to 2022), whereas the real wage rate has risen by 22 per cent.
✅ These figures show that inflation has dented the real income of the poor, making their lives miserable as the food basket constitutes a substantial proportion of the total expenditure on the poor.
✅ India’s 50-crore poor comprising socially and economically weaker sections in rural areas and urban slums are pushed to acute poverty under the effect of inflation.
✅ The declining wage rates, Covid-19, high rural unemployment, income inequality and high food inflation have far-reaching implications for India’s trajectory towards alleviating poverty.
✅ The high food and fuel inflation rates are mainly responsible for pushing the cost of input and output prices which resulted in an increase in wholesale inflation.
Therefore, proactive government intervention is needed to check food and fuel inflation, increase employment in rural areas, reduce income inequality, strengthen the public distribution of essential commodities among the poor and enhance the average daily wage rate in rural India.
✅ India being a welfare state as envisioned in DPSP, enters through welfare schemes to check the poor conditions of unprivileged sections.
✅ But the rising inflation and its impact on food and commodities and rising unemployment rate (6%) reverses the gain made in reducing poverty and its spill over impact.
▪️Welfare schemes:
✅ MGNREGA Focuses on Rights based approach.
✅ NRLM focuses on self-employment opportunities.
✅ MUDRA Loan to start new business.
✅ Stand up India and Start Up India.
▪️Why focus on Inflation and Unemployment is important:
✅ The prices of essential food items have increased by 50% in seven years (2015 to 2022), whereas the real wage rate has risen by 22 per cent.
✅ These figures show that inflation has dented the real income of the poor, making their lives miserable as the food basket constitutes a substantial proportion of the total expenditure on the poor.
✅ India’s 50-crore poor comprising socially and economically weaker sections in rural areas and urban slums are pushed to acute poverty under the effect of inflation.
✅ The declining wage rates, Covid-19, high rural unemployment, income inequality and high food inflation have far-reaching implications for India’s trajectory towards alleviating poverty.
✅ The high food and fuel inflation rates are mainly responsible for pushing the cost of input and output prices which resulted in an increase in wholesale inflation.
Therefore, proactive government intervention is needed to check food and fuel inflation, increase employment in rural areas, reduce income inequality, strengthen the public distribution of essential commodities among the poor and enhance the average daily wage rate in rural India.
👍4❤3
https://wp.me/pbJqIO-1Xg
#InternationalRelations #foreignPolicies
Please post your feedback in the comments section.
Also subscribe(free) to read the full articles.
#InternationalRelations #foreignPolicies
Please post your feedback in the comments section.
Also subscribe(free) to read the full articles.
The Viyug
Henry Kissinger was a Pragmatic Visionary of the US Foreign Policy
Henry Kissinger, a notable figure in American foreign policy who was instrumental in shaping the US’s Cold War-era strategy, passed away aged 100 on November 30, 2023. As a national security …
Q. Discuss the procedures to decide the disputes arising out of the election of a Member of the Parliament or a State Legislature under the Representation of People Act 1951. What are the grounds on which the election of any returned candidate may be declared void? What remedy is available to the aggrieved party against the decision? Refer to the case laws (Answer in 250 words) 15 marks
✅ An Act to provide for the conduct of elections of the Houses of Parliament and to the House or Houses of the Legislature of each State, the qualifications and disqualifications for membership of those Houses, the corrupt practises and other offences at or in connection with such elections and the decision of doubts and disputes arising out of or in connection with such elections.
▪️Procedure to decide the dispute:
✅ Section 100 of the RPA, 1951 deals with the grounds on which an election may be challenged by means of election petition.
✅ By any non-compliance with provisions of the Constitution or of this Act or of any rules or orders made under this Act, the High Court shall declare the election of the returned candidate to be void.
✅ After the election petition on the matter of corrupt practices in High court. Order of the High court is sent to the president through the secretary general and then ECI looks into the issue where judicial hearing is given to the affected party.
▪️A person can be disqualified on below grounds:
✅ Disqualification on conviction for certain election offences and corrupt practises in the election. (Sec 8)
✅ Disqualification on conviction for certain offences.
✅ Disqualification on ground of corrupt practices. (Section 8A).
✅ Disqualification for dismissal for corruption or disloyalty. (Section 9).
✅ Disqualification for Government contracts, etc. (Section 9A)
✅ Disqualification for office under Government company (Section 10)
▪️Remedies available against such Disqualification:
✅ On the question of whether a legislator is subject to any of the disqualifications, the final authority to decide rests with the President (in case of members of Parliament) and the Governor (in case of members of State legislature).
✅ In case of any enquiry, the Election Commission is conferred the powers of a civil court for summoning and enforcing the attendance of any person or any evidence.
✅ Besides, after a legislator is disqualified, the Election Commission may, on certain grounds, remove any
disqualification or reduce the period of any disqualification.
✅ The Election Commission said that in exercise of its powers under Section 11 of the Representation of People Act, Tamang’s period of electoral disqualification was being reduced from the statutory six years to one year and one month.
Elections are the lifeblood of any democracy. The robustness of electoral processes determines the fate of the nation. The timely reforms to the electoral process by ECI, according to the changing needs of the society and the strong review of the judiciary have helped in conduction of free and fair elections till date.
✅ An Act to provide for the conduct of elections of the Houses of Parliament and to the House or Houses of the Legislature of each State, the qualifications and disqualifications for membership of those Houses, the corrupt practises and other offences at or in connection with such elections and the decision of doubts and disputes arising out of or in connection with such elections.
▪️Procedure to decide the dispute:
✅ Section 100 of the RPA, 1951 deals with the grounds on which an election may be challenged by means of election petition.
✅ By any non-compliance with provisions of the Constitution or of this Act or of any rules or orders made under this Act, the High Court shall declare the election of the returned candidate to be void.
✅ After the election petition on the matter of corrupt practices in High court. Order of the High court is sent to the president through the secretary general and then ECI looks into the issue where judicial hearing is given to the affected party.
▪️A person can be disqualified on below grounds:
✅ Disqualification on conviction for certain election offences and corrupt practises in the election. (Sec 8)
✅ Disqualification on conviction for certain offences.
✅ Disqualification on ground of corrupt practices. (Section 8A).
✅ Disqualification for dismissal for corruption or disloyalty. (Section 9).
✅ Disqualification for Government contracts, etc. (Section 9A)
✅ Disqualification for office under Government company (Section 10)
▪️Remedies available against such Disqualification:
✅ On the question of whether a legislator is subject to any of the disqualifications, the final authority to decide rests with the President (in case of members of Parliament) and the Governor (in case of members of State legislature).
✅ In case of any enquiry, the Election Commission is conferred the powers of a civil court for summoning and enforcing the attendance of any person or any evidence.
✅ Besides, after a legislator is disqualified, the Election Commission may, on certain grounds, remove any
disqualification or reduce the period of any disqualification.
✅ The Election Commission said that in exercise of its powers under Section 11 of the Representation of People Act, Tamang’s period of electoral disqualification was being reduced from the statutory six years to one year and one month.
Elections are the lifeblood of any democracy. The robustness of electoral processes determines the fate of the nation. The timely reforms to the electoral process by ECI, according to the changing needs of the society and the strong review of the judiciary have helped in conduction of free and fair elections till date.
👍3
Q. The rights of persons with disabilities Act, 2016 remains only a legal document without intense sensitization of Government functionaries and citizens regarding disability. Comment. (Answer in 150 words) 10 marks
As per Census 2011, disabled persons constitute 2.21% of the total population. India signed the United Nations Convention on Rights of Persons with Disability.
▪️Right of Persons with Disabilities (PwD) Act 2016
✅ The types of disabilities have been increased from 7 to 21.
✅ The act added mental illness, autism, speech and language disability, sickle cell disease, acid attack victims, etc which were largely ignored in earlier act.
✅ It increases reservation from 3% to 4% in government jobs and higher education institutes.
✅ Every child with benchmark disability between 6 and 18 years shall have the right to free education.
▪️Societal apathy towards Persons with Disability (PwD) in India:
✅ Discrimination and stigmatization attached to PwD by the society
✅ Consider PwD as burden or liability by family
✅ Negligence towards their issues like accessibility to Transport, IT etc.
✅ Considered as a sin committed in last birth.
▪️Lax implementation by Government functioning:
✅ Lack of medical facilities.
✅ Lack of availability of special schools, trained teachers for the disabled.
✅ Most government buildings in India are not disability-friendly
✅ Administrative apathy towards implementation of plans and policies for disabled.
▪️Way Forward:
✅ Increasing Public Awareness and Understanding of Disability
✅ Social campaigns that change attitudes on stigmatized issues related to PwD.
✅ Showing positive representations of people with disabilities e.g. Paralympian Anali Lakhera
✅ Special schools with the label special needs can have a stigma or negative connotation. Students may only learn and interact with peers with special needs.
Govt’s Sugmaya Bharat Abhiyaan is in right direction to sensitize people to bring behavioural towards Divyangjan and timely govt intervention in the spirit of Article 41 of the constitution.
As per Census 2011, disabled persons constitute 2.21% of the total population. India signed the United Nations Convention on Rights of Persons with Disability.
▪️Right of Persons with Disabilities (PwD) Act 2016
✅ The types of disabilities have been increased from 7 to 21.
✅ The act added mental illness, autism, speech and language disability, sickle cell disease, acid attack victims, etc which were largely ignored in earlier act.
✅ It increases reservation from 3% to 4% in government jobs and higher education institutes.
✅ Every child with benchmark disability between 6 and 18 years shall have the right to free education.
▪️Societal apathy towards Persons with Disability (PwD) in India:
✅ Discrimination and stigmatization attached to PwD by the society
✅ Consider PwD as burden or liability by family
✅ Negligence towards their issues like accessibility to Transport, IT etc.
✅ Considered as a sin committed in last birth.
▪️Lax implementation by Government functioning:
✅ Lack of medical facilities.
✅ Lack of availability of special schools, trained teachers for the disabled.
✅ Most government buildings in India are not disability-friendly
✅ Administrative apathy towards implementation of plans and policies for disabled.
▪️Way Forward:
✅ Increasing Public Awareness and Understanding of Disability
✅ Social campaigns that change attitudes on stigmatized issues related to PwD.
✅ Showing positive representations of people with disabilities e.g. Paralympian Anali Lakhera
✅ Special schools with the label special needs can have a stigma or negative connotation. Students may only learn and interact with peers with special needs.
Govt’s Sugmaya Bharat Abhiyaan is in right direction to sensitize people to bring behavioural towards Divyangjan and timely govt intervention in the spirit of Article 41 of the constitution.
👍3❤1