Forwarded from UPSC Interview transcripts
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Forwarded from UPSC Interview transcripts
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Q. To what extent in your opinion has the decentralization of power in India changed the governance landscape at the grassroots? (Answer in 150 words) 10 marks
Democratic decentralization is the process of devolving the functions and resources of the state from the center to the elected representatives at the lower levels so as to facilitate greater direct participation of citizens in governance.
▪️Decentralization and People’s participation through 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Act changed the governance landscape at the grassroots:
✅ Women empowerment by ensuring their political participation – 14.54 lakh women are their in PRIs.
✅ Social justice by reserving seats for SCs & STs
✅ Fixing accountability through Social auditing tool
✅ Resolved issues through community participation like water management and disaster management.
✅ Developing programs for weaker sections and backward areas
✅ Financial management and budget sanctity
✅ Simplification of procedures and processes by the use of technology, Social Auditing, e-governance, M-governance, Twitter governance etc.
✅ Focus on service delivery through Citizen Charter and Sevottam Model It would make growth - sustainable, equitable, and inclusive.
▪️Issues with local govt in India:
✅ Insufficient funding
✅ Inflexibility in spending
✅ Lack of staff
✅ Untimely and delayed action
✅ Corruption
▪️Suggestions given by Sumit Bose committee:
✅ State governments should put a quorum in gram sabha meetings for participation of panchayat representatives
✅ Recruitment and appointment of support and technical staff to ensure the smooth functioning of panchayat.
✅ Devise a comprehensive mechanism for taxation at the local levels.
✅ Capacity building and training enable them to prepare better Gram Panchayat Development Plans
✅ Sumit Bose committee recommended - performance based payments for better outcomes in rural development schemes 6th report of 2nd ARC, says a clear-cut demarcation of functions of each tier of the government & States should adopt the concept of ‘activity mapping’ to achieve the objective of article 40.
Democratic decentralization is the process of devolving the functions and resources of the state from the center to the elected representatives at the lower levels so as to facilitate greater direct participation of citizens in governance.
▪️Decentralization and People’s participation through 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Act changed the governance landscape at the grassroots:
✅ Women empowerment by ensuring their political participation – 14.54 lakh women are their in PRIs.
✅ Social justice by reserving seats for SCs & STs
✅ Fixing accountability through Social auditing tool
✅ Resolved issues through community participation like water management and disaster management.
✅ Developing programs for weaker sections and backward areas
✅ Financial management and budget sanctity
✅ Simplification of procedures and processes by the use of technology, Social Auditing, e-governance, M-governance, Twitter governance etc.
✅ Focus on service delivery through Citizen Charter and Sevottam Model It would make growth - sustainable, equitable, and inclusive.
▪️Issues with local govt in India:
✅ Insufficient funding
✅ Inflexibility in spending
✅ Lack of staff
✅ Untimely and delayed action
✅ Corruption
▪️Suggestions given by Sumit Bose committee:
✅ State governments should put a quorum in gram sabha meetings for participation of panchayat representatives
✅ Recruitment and appointment of support and technical staff to ensure the smooth functioning of panchayat.
✅ Devise a comprehensive mechanism for taxation at the local levels.
✅ Capacity building and training enable them to prepare better Gram Panchayat Development Plans
✅ Sumit Bose committee recommended - performance based payments for better outcomes in rural development schemes 6th report of 2nd ARC, says a clear-cut demarcation of functions of each tier of the government & States should adopt the concept of ‘activity mapping’ to achieve the objective of article 40.
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Q. What are the different elements of cyber security? Keeping in view the challenges in cyber security, examine the extent to which India has successfully developed a comprehensive National Cyber
Security Strategy. (Answer in 250 words) 15
✅ Cyber Security is protecting cyber space including critical information infrastructure from attack, damage, misuse and economic espionage.
▪️Elemets of Cyber security Architecture:
✅ Network Elements: Network nodes like computers, NICs, repeaters, hubs, bridges, switches, routers, modems, gateways.
✅ Security Elements: like firewalls, Intrusion Detection/Protection Systems [IDS/IPS], encryption/decryption devices.
✅ Security Frameworks & Standards: Cybersecurity framework architecture standards like NIST Risk Management Framework Vulnerabilities to the
▪️ Architecture:
✅ Data Diddling: Attack floods systems, servers, or networks with traffic to exhaust resources and bandwidth.
✅ Ransom ware: Blocks access to key components of the network and demand money to unlock it.
✅ Phishing: The goal is to steal sensitive data like credit card and login information or to install malware on the victim’s machine
✅ Malware: Covertly obtains information by transmitting data from the hard drive (spyware) National cyber security strategy to ensure a safe, secure, trusted, resilient, and vibrant cyberspace for India.
✅ Security by Design:- To develop institutional capability for assessment, evaluation, certification and rating of core devices.
✅ Monitoring of Supply chain of integrated circuits.
✅ Product testing and certification needs to be enhanced.
✅ The supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) security should be integrated with enterprise security.
✅ A minimum allocation of 0.25% of the annual budget is required for cyber security.
✅ Holding cyber security drills to tackle crisis management.
✅ Create cyber security services under Indian enginerring services.
✅ Cyber insurance to address risk.
✅ Cyber diplomacy.
✅ Setting up exclusive court to deal with cyber investigation
Security Strategy. (Answer in 250 words) 15
✅ Cyber Security is protecting cyber space including critical information infrastructure from attack, damage, misuse and economic espionage.
▪️Elemets of Cyber security Architecture:
✅ Network Elements: Network nodes like computers, NICs, repeaters, hubs, bridges, switches, routers, modems, gateways.
✅ Security Elements: like firewalls, Intrusion Detection/Protection Systems [IDS/IPS], encryption/decryption devices.
✅ Security Frameworks & Standards: Cybersecurity framework architecture standards like NIST Risk Management Framework Vulnerabilities to the
▪️ Architecture:
✅ Data Diddling: Attack floods systems, servers, or networks with traffic to exhaust resources and bandwidth.
✅ Ransom ware: Blocks access to key components of the network and demand money to unlock it.
✅ Phishing: The goal is to steal sensitive data like credit card and login information or to install malware on the victim’s machine
✅ Malware: Covertly obtains information by transmitting data from the hard drive (spyware) National cyber security strategy to ensure a safe, secure, trusted, resilient, and vibrant cyberspace for India.
✅ Security by Design:- To develop institutional capability for assessment, evaluation, certification and rating of core devices.
✅ Monitoring of Supply chain of integrated circuits.
✅ Product testing and certification needs to be enhanced.
✅ The supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) security should be integrated with enterprise security.
✅ A minimum allocation of 0.25% of the annual budget is required for cyber security.
✅ Holding cyber security drills to tackle crisis management.
✅ Create cyber security services under Indian enginerring services.
✅ Cyber insurance to address risk.
✅ Cyber diplomacy.
✅ Setting up exclusive court to deal with cyber investigation
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Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
Hello Everyone,
Hope you all are doing well.
This is to inform that we are back with our FREE REVISION PRELIMINARY SERIES, 2024.. previous years
UPSC Revision Program overview:
Chronological order of subjects for revision-
✅Polity/International organizations/Schemes in news
✅Economy
✅History
✅Geography
✅Environment
✅Science and Technology
✅120 days revision program - started from 25 December, 2023.
✅ SUNDAY off for backlogs and prelims test of any coaching whichever you like( VisionIAS/ ForumIAS / Vajiram/ Insights IAS, etc)
✅ Current affairs - any monthly magazine ( VisionIAS/ ForumIAS / Vajiram/ Insights IAS, etc) - only one.
✅Daily schedule for next day will be given every evening.
Hope you all are doing well.
This is to inform that we are back with our FREE REVISION PRELIMINARY SERIES, 2024.. previous years
Here are the details:
UPSC Revision Program overview:
Chronological order of subjects for revision-
✅Polity/International organizations/Schemes in news
✅Economy
✅History
✅Geography
✅Environment
✅Science and Technology
✅120 days revision program - started from 25 December, 2023.
✅ SUNDAY off for backlogs and prelims test of any coaching whichever you like( VisionIAS/ ForumIAS / Vajiram/ Insights IAS, etc)
✅ Current affairs - any monthly magazine ( VisionIAS/ ForumIAS / Vajiram/ Insights IAS, etc) - only one.
✅Daily schedule for next day will be given every evening.
✅This program includes ONE reading + THREE revisions for all subjects.
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Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
We'll start with polity :
Day 1: 25 December target:
Polity:
Topics -
Constitutional framework
Parliamentary system
Federal system
FR, DPSPs, FDs
Constitutional amendments
Current Affairs: June 2023
Polity part only
#UpscRevisionProgram
After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.
Day 1: 25 December target:
Polity:
Topics -
Constitutional framework
Parliamentary system
Federal system
FR, DPSPs, FDs
Constitutional amendments
Current Affairs: June 2023
Polity part only
#UpscRevisionProgram
After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.
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Day 2: 26 December target:
Polity:
Topics -
Central Government
State Government
Parliament
Sources: Indian Constitution at work - NCERT
Standard books - Laxmikant Or DD Basu ( only one)
PYQs- Related PYQs - UPSC prelims 2011 & 2012
Current Affairs: July 2023
Polity
#UpscRevisionProgram
After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.
Polity:
Topics -
Central Government
State Government
Parliament
Sources: Indian Constitution at work - NCERT
Standard books - Laxmikant Or DD Basu ( only one)
PYQs- Related PYQs - UPSC prelims 2011 & 2012
Current Affairs: July 2023
Polity
#UpscRevisionProgram
After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.
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Day 3: 27 December target:
Polity:
Topics -
Centre- state relations
Local Government
State legislature
Special provisions
Tribal areas
Sources: Indian Constitution at work - NCERT
Standard books - Laxmikant Or DD Basu ( only one)
PYQs- Related PYQs - UPSC prelims 2013 & 2014
Current Affairs: August 2023
Polity only
#UpscRevisionProgram
After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.
Polity:
Topics -
Centre- state relations
Local Government
State legislature
Special provisions
Tribal areas
Sources: Indian Constitution at work - NCERT
Standard books - Laxmikant Or DD Basu ( only one)
PYQs- Related PYQs - UPSC prelims 2013 & 2014
Current Affairs: August 2023
Polity only
#UpscRevisionProgram
After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.
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Day 4: 28 December target:
Polity:
Topics -
Constitutional and Non-constitutional Bodies
Misc.
Sources: Indian Constitution at work - NCERT
Standard books - Laxmikant Or DD Basu ( only one)
PYQs- Related PYQs - UPSC prelims 2015 & 2016
Current Affairs: September 2023
Polity only
#UpscRevisionProgram
After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.
Polity:
Topics -
Constitutional and Non-constitutional Bodies
Misc.
Sources: Indian Constitution at work - NCERT
Standard books - Laxmikant Or DD Basu ( only one)
PYQs- Related PYQs - UPSC prelims 2015 & 2016
Current Affairs: September 2023
Polity only
#UpscRevisionProgram
After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.
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Hello Everyone
Those people who are facing difficulties in completing these targets , please don't go forcefully to cover all the topics. Cover the topics as much as you can, more importantly it should be remembered by you or you can recall easily.
Also, there is proper time for backlogs and revision in schedule so don't panic and read & cover whatever you are studying in a peaceful and relaxed manner.
If you still face any issues, write down in the comments section, I'll reply as soon as possible.
Take care..
Stay Healthy
Stay positive
Those people who are facing difficulties in completing these targets , please don't go forcefully to cover all the topics. Cover the topics as much as you can, more importantly it should be remembered by you or you can recall easily.
Also, there is proper time for backlogs and revision in schedule so don't panic and read & cover whatever you are studying in a peaceful and relaxed manner.
If you still face any issues, write down in the comments section, I'll reply as soon as possible.
Take care..
Stay Healthy
Stay positive
👍11
Day 5: 29 December target:
Polity:
Topics -
Backlogs + Revision
Sources: Indian Constitution at work - NCERT
Standard books - Laxmikant Or DD Basu ( only one)
Current Affairs: October 2023
Polity only
#UpscRevisionProgram
After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.
Polity:
Topics -
Backlogs + Revision
Sources: Indian Constitution at work - NCERT
Standard books - Laxmikant Or DD Basu ( only one)
Current Affairs: October 2023
Polity only
#UpscRevisionProgram
After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.
👍3
Q. “Economic growth in the recent past has been led by increase in labour productivity”. Explain this statement. Suggest the growth pattern that will lead to creation of more jobs without compromising labour productivity. [250 Words] [15 Marks]
✅In the post liberalization period, our economic growth increased to 6% in 1990s and then it touched 7% to 8% in the 2000 decade. But this higher growth was mainly driven by service sector (IT, telecom, finance etc.) which touched 10% while agriculture and manufacturing sector remained around 3% and 5% respectively.
✅Our economic growth is being termed as jobless growth with the declining employment elasticity which is the ratio of percentage change in employment to percentage change in GDP.
✅So, India has been the fastest growing economy but without creation of much jobs.
✅This means that we are able
to produce more output with the same amount of labour which proves that our labour productivity has increased.
✅Labour productivity = Output (GDP)/Labour As the output is increasing without the increase in labour/employment, this means that our economic growth is driven by an increase in productivity of labour.
✅And our labour is becoming more productive because of use of more capital/machines.
✅But with growing population and workforce, India needs to create more jobs and for that our growth should come from the following sectors:
🔸 Labour intensive manufacturing like textiles, footwear, toys etc.
🔸Shifting to high value agriculture crops like livestock, dairy, fisheries, horticulture etc.
🔸 Surplus labour should shift from agriculture to non-farm jobs like food processing, storage infrastructure, logistics, unskilled manufacturing etc.
🔸 Shifting to precision and smart farming techniques
🔸Building rural infrastructure and integrating with global supply chains which can increase our share of exports from the present level of 21% of GDP.
🔸Government should focus on building infrastructure and reducing logistics cost.
Government should focus more on infrastructure and logistics which can make the economy more efficient and, in the process, increasing the overall labour productivity and gains to the overall economy.
✅In the post liberalization period, our economic growth increased to 6% in 1990s and then it touched 7% to 8% in the 2000 decade. But this higher growth was mainly driven by service sector (IT, telecom, finance etc.) which touched 10% while agriculture and manufacturing sector remained around 3% and 5% respectively.
✅Our economic growth is being termed as jobless growth with the declining employment elasticity which is the ratio of percentage change in employment to percentage change in GDP.
✅So, India has been the fastest growing economy but without creation of much jobs.
✅This means that we are able
to produce more output with the same amount of labour which proves that our labour productivity has increased.
✅Labour productivity = Output (GDP)/Labour As the output is increasing without the increase in labour/employment, this means that our economic growth is driven by an increase in productivity of labour.
✅And our labour is becoming more productive because of use of more capital/machines.
✅But with growing population and workforce, India needs to create more jobs and for that our growth should come from the following sectors:
🔸 Labour intensive manufacturing like textiles, footwear, toys etc.
🔸Shifting to high value agriculture crops like livestock, dairy, fisheries, horticulture etc.
🔸 Surplus labour should shift from agriculture to non-farm jobs like food processing, storage infrastructure, logistics, unskilled manufacturing etc.
🔸 Shifting to precision and smart farming techniques
🔸Building rural infrastructure and integrating with global supply chains which can increase our share of exports from the present level of 21% of GDP.
🔸Government should focus on building infrastructure and reducing logistics cost.
Government should focus more on infrastructure and logistics which can make the economy more efficient and, in the process, increasing the overall labour productivity and gains to the overall economy.
👍11
Day 6: 30 December target:
Polity:
Topics -
Remaining part +Backlogs + Revision
Sources: Indian Constitution at work - NCERT
Standard books - Laxmikant Or DD Basu ( only one)
PYQs - UPSC Prelims 2017 , 2018 & 2019
Current Affairs: November 2023
Polity only
#UpscRevisionProgram
After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.
Polity:
Topics -
Remaining part +Backlogs + Revision
Sources: Indian Constitution at work - NCERT
Standard books - Laxmikant Or DD Basu ( only one)
PYQs - UPSC Prelims 2017 , 2018 & 2019
Current Affairs: November 2023
Polity only
#UpscRevisionProgram
After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.
👍3
CSE ANSWER WRITING pinned «Hello Everyone, Hope you all are doing well. This is to inform that we are back with our FREE REVISION PRELIMINARY SERIES, 2024.. previous years Here are the details: UPSC Revision Program overview: Chronological order of subjects for revision- ✅Pol…»
Hello Everyone...
Good morning to all of you..
Today is off from our side.
You can complete your backlogs and can attempt 1 sectional test of polity or whatever you want.
Tomorrow's schedule will be posted by evening.
Stay Positive
Stay Healthy
Good morning to all of you..
Today is off from our side.
You can complete your backlogs and can attempt 1 sectional test of polity or whatever you want.
Tomorrow's schedule will be posted by evening.
Stay Positive
Stay Healthy
👍2
Day 7: 1 January target:
Polity:
Topics-
Sectional test (any coaching)
Sources: Indian Constitution at work - NCERT
Standard books - Laxmikant Or DD Basu ( only one)
PYQs - UPSC Prelims 2020, 2021 & 2022, 2023
Current Affairs:
Revision
#UpscRevisionProgram
After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.
Polity:
Topics-
Sectional test (any coaching)
Sources: Indian Constitution at work - NCERT
Standard books - Laxmikant Or DD Basu ( only one)
PYQs - UPSC Prelims 2020, 2021 & 2022, 2023
Current Affairs:
Revision
#UpscRevisionProgram
After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.
👍8❤2
Day 8: 2January target:
International organization and government schemes:
Topics-
Governmental and non-governmental organizations in news
Sources:Any coaching magazine
PYQs - UPSC Prelims 2011 onwards
Current Affairs:
Polity - December 2023
#UpscRevisionProgram
After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.
International organization and government schemes:
Topics-
Governmental and non-governmental organizations in news
Sources:Any coaching magazine
PYQs - UPSC Prelims 2011 onwards
Current Affairs:
Polity - December 2023
#UpscRevisionProgram
After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.
👍2
Day 9: 3 January target:
International organization and government schemes:
Topics-
Schemes, programs,policies in news
Sources:Any coaching magazine
PYQs - UPSC 2011 onwards
Current Affairs:
Polity - June 2023 Revision
#UpscRevisionProgram
After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.
International organization and government schemes:
Topics-
Schemes, programs,policies in news
Sources:Any coaching magazine
PYQs - UPSC 2011 onwards
Current Affairs:
Polity - June 2023 Revision
#UpscRevisionProgram
After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.
👍2
Day 10: 4 January target:
International organization and government schemes:
Topics-
Revision - Governmental and non-governmental organizations,Schemes, programs,policies in news
Sources:Any coaching magazine
PYQs - UPSC Prelims onwards
Current Affairs:
Polity - July 2023 Revision
#UpscRevisionProgram
After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.
International organization and government schemes:
Topics-
Revision - Governmental and non-governmental organizations,Schemes, programs,policies in news
Sources:Any coaching magazine
PYQs - UPSC Prelims onwards
Current Affairs:
Polity - July 2023 Revision
#UpscRevisionProgram
After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.
👍6